Chapter 1 Cell Function Flashcards
Contains chromatin and nucleolus At least one per cell Control center Genetic code Nucleoli
Nucleus
Place for cell work
Contains water, electrolytes, suspended proteins, neutral fats, and glycogen
Contains the organelles
Cytoplasm
Site for protein synthesis
Small particles of nucleoproteins
May be attached to ER or free
Ribosomes
Matrix of paired membranes and vesicles
Tubular communication system
place where metabolic activity occurs
Endoplasmic reticulum
Produce proteins for membranes and lysosomal enzymes
Rough ER
Lipid, lipoprotein, and steroid synthesis; regulation of intracellular Ca, metabolism, and detoxification of hormones and drugs
Smooth ER
Site for carb production
Golgi apparatus
Break down cell products and foreign bodies to be used again, require acidic environment
Lysosomes
Control free radicals
Peroxisomes
Power plants, aerobic metabolism-atp
Number in a given cell varies depending on the cell’s energy need
Contains own DNA and ribosomes
Mitochondria
Threadlike structure
Microfilament
Semipermeable Contains receptors Involved in electrical conduction Regulates cell growth and proliferation Lipid belayer Proteins
Cell membrane
Open and close ion channels
Activated G-protein-linked signals
Activate enzyme-linked cell function
Membrane receptors
Disorder of connective tissue
Mutation on chromosome 15 (FBN1)
Combines with other fibrillins and gives rise to micro fibrils
Mutation leads to reduced elasticity and excess growth factor release
Affects eyes, skeleton, and cardiovascular system
Marfan’s Syndrome
Neurogenic tumors
2 forms: type 1 defect on chromosome 17, subcutaneous lesions, cafe’-au-lait spots, freckles, scoliosis, erosive bone defects, and nervous system tumors
Type 2- defect on chromosome 22; tumors of the acoustic nerve
Neurofibromatosis
Mutation on chromosome 12 leads to an error in converting phenylalanine to tyrosine
Appears normal at birth then fails to meet milestones
Progressive neurological decline
Can lead to severe intellectual disability
PKU
Progressive disorder due to mutation of hexosaminidase A
Most are of Jewish decent
3 forms: infantile, juvenile, adult
Tay-sachs
Associated with single trinucleotide gene sequence on the X chromosome, which is repeated >200 times
Plays a role in synapse development
X-linked
Improper formation of soft tissue of mouth and lips
Cleft lip and palate
Risk increases with maternal age
Caused from no disjunction during meiosis
Trisomy 21 (Down’s syndrome)
Deletion of all or part of an X-occurs spontaneously
Specific gene associated is unknown
No Y chromosome
Monosomy X (turner’s syndrome)
One of more extra X chromosomes with the presence of the Y
Male appearance
Tx: testosterone
Trisomy x
