Chapter 3 Hematopoietic Flashcards
Key players in the inflammatory response and in fighting infections
Normal range
Leukocytes
One type of leukocytes
Usually the first to arrive at the site of infection
Neutrophils
Kissing disease-oral transmission
Self-limiting
Most prevalent in adolescents and young adults
Caused by Epstein-Barr virus in the herpes family
Mononucleosis
Least common of the 2
Solid tumors with the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells
Typically originate in the lymph nodes of the upper body
Curable with treatment
Painless enlarged nodes, weight loss, fever, night sweats, purity’s, coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain, recurrent infections, and splenomegaly
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
More common
Poor prognosis
Can originate in the T or B cells
No Reed-Sternberg cells
Non hodgkins lymphoma
Second most common blood cancer
Cancer of the leukocytes
Leukemia
Affects primarily children
Responds well to therapy
Good prognosis
Type of leukemia
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Affects primarily adults
Responds fairly well to treatment
Prognosis somewhat worse than that of the acute
Type of leukemia
Acute myeloid leukemia
Affects primarily adults
Responds poorly to therapy, yet most patients live many years after diagnosis
Type of leukemia
Chronic lymphoid leukemia
Affects primarily adults
Responds poorly to chemo, but the prognosis is improved with allogenic bone marrow transplant
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Plasma cell cancer
Excessive numbers of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow, crowding the blood forming cells and causing Bence Jone proteins to be excreted in the urine
Bone destruction leads to hypercalcemia and pathological fractures
Multiple myeloma
Results from a decreased number of erythrocytes, reduction of hemoglobin, or presence of abnormal hemoglobin
Decreases o2 carrying capacity leading to tissue hypoxia
Anemia
Very common
Iron is necessary for hemoglobin production
Iron-deficiency anemia
Vitamin b12 deficiency usually caused by a lack of intrinsic factor
Autoimmune
Vitamin b12 required for dna synthesis
Leads to decreased maturation and cell division
May see myelin breakdown and neurological complications
Pernicious anemia
Bone marrow depression of all blood cells (pancytopenia)
Aplastic anemia
Excessive erythrocyte destruction
Blood
Hemolytic anemia
Neither recessive nor dominant-co-dominant
Hemoglobin s causes erythrocytes to be abnormally shaped
Sickle cell anemia
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Abnormal hemoglobin from a lack of one of two proteins that make up hemoglobin
Thalassemia
Abnormally high erythrocytes
Rare
Considered neoplastic disease
Increased blood volume and viscosity, leading to tissue ischemia and necrosis
Polycythemia
X-linked recessive bleeding disorder
Deficiency or abnormality of clotting factor VIII
Hemophilia A
Most common hereditary bleeding disorder
Decreased platelet adhesion and aggregation
Von Willebrand’s disease
Life-threatening complication of many conditions
Inappropriate immune response
Widespread coagulation followed by massive bleeding because of the depletion of clotting factors
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
HYPOcoagulation resulting from an autoimmune destruction of platelets
Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
Deficiency of enzyme necessary for cleaving von willebrand’s factor, leading to hyper coagulation
Hypercoagulation depletes platelet levels
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
