Chapter 5: Perception Flashcards
Distal Stimulus
an object/event in outside world
Proximal Stimulus
energies from the outside world that directly reach our sense organs
Binocular cues
cue from the fact that our two eyes look out onto the world from slightly different positions –> result: each eye has a slightly diff. view allowing us to infer info about distance relationships
Monocular Cues
we can also perceive depth with one eye
–> can indicate distance even if stimulus is viewed with only one eye
(blind people can still perceive depth)
Adjustment CUes
adjustment needed to see world clearly depending on how far away viewed object is
Pictorial Cues
patterns repped on flat surface in order to create a sense of 3-dimensional object/scene
Interposition
monocular cues to distance– relies on the fact that objects farther away are blocked by closer objects
Linear Perspective
parallel lines seem to converge as the get farther and farther from viewer
Texture Gradients
if texture gets smaller and smaller (has discontinuity), can communicate info about depth/distance
Motion Parallax
as an observer moves, the retinal images of nearby objects move more rapidly than do those of objects farther away
What happens when observer simply moves toward or away from image? Why?
makes imager larger/smaller
there is more retinal stimulation when we move closer to an object
Retinal Motion
some cells (motion detectors) in the visual cortex respond to image movements on the retina by firing at an increased rate whenever movement is present.
Why doesn’t a given cell respond to just any kind of movement (retinal motion)?
cells are direction specific
i.e– some will fire if a stimulus moves from left –> right; others will fire if a stimulus moves from right –> left
Apparent Movement
perception of movement produced by stimulus that are stationary but are presented at first at one position and then a different position
Eye Movement
When you move your eye, you compute the shift in retinal image produced by your own movement
