Chapter 5 - PATHOLOGY

Question 1

anorexia

Answer 1

lack of appetite

Question 2

ascites

Answer 2

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Question 3

borborygmi

Answer 3

rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 4

constipation

Answer 4

difficulty passing stools

Question 5

diarrhea

Answer 5

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 6

dysphagia

Answer 6

difficulty swallowing

Question 7

erucation

Answer 7

gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. (burping)

Question 8

flatus

Answer 8

gas expelled through the anus

Question 9

hematochezia

Answer 9

passage of fresh, bright red blood from the anus

Question 10

jaundice (icterus)

Answer 10

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood. (hyperbilirubinemia)

Question 11

melena

Answer 11

black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

Question 12

nausea

Answer 12

unpleasant sensation in the stomach with a tendency to vomit

Question 13

steatorrhea

Answer 13

fat in the feces

Question 14

aphthous stomatitis

Answer 14

inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers

Question 15

dental caries

Answer 15

tooth decay

Question 16

herpetic stomatitis

Answer 16

inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.

Question 17

oral leukoplakia

Answer 17

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Question 18

periodontal disease

Answer 18

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone

Question 19

achalasia

Answer 19

failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.

Question 20

esophageal varices

Answer 20

swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 21

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 21

solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach (heartburn)

Question 22

hernia

Answer 22

protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Question 23

peptic ulcer

Answer 23

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Question 24

anal fistula

Answer 24

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 25

colonic polyps

Answer 25

benign growths (polyps) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Question 26

Crohn disease (‘Crohn’s’)

Answer 26

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 27

diverticulosis

Answer 27

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

Question 28

dysentery

Answer 28

painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Question 29

hemorrhoids

Answer 29

swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

Question 30

ileus

Answer 30

loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.

Question 31

intussusception

Answer 31

telescoping of the intestines

Question 32

ulcerative colitis

Answer 32

chronic inflammation of the colon with the presence of ulcers

Question 33

volvulus

Answer 33

twisting of the intestine on itself

Question 34

cholelithiasis

Answer 34

gallstones in the bladder

Question 35

cirrhosis

Answer 35

chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Question 36

pancreatitis

Answer 36

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 37

viral hepatitis

Answer 37

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus