Chapter 12 - Pathology

Question 1

Listening to sounds within the body

Answer 1

auscultation

Question 2

tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.

Answer 2

percussion

Question 3

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

Answer 3

pleural rub

Question 4

fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.

Answer 4

rales (crackles)

Question 5

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum

Answer 5

rhonchi

Question 6

material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.

Answer 6

sputum

Question 7

Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.

Answer 7

stridor

Question 8

continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.

Answer 8

wheezes

Question 9

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.

Answer 9

croup

Question 10

acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium.

Answer 10

diptheria

Question 11

nosebleed

Answer 11

epistaxis

Question 12

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

Answer 12

pertussis

Question 13

chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction

Answer 13

asthma

Question 14

chronic dilation of bronchus, usually secondary to infection.

Answer 14

bronchiectasis

Question 15

inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long period of time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Answer 15

chronic bronchitis

Question 16

inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.

Answer 16

cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 17

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

Answer 17

atelectasis

Question 18

hyperinflation or air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls

Answer 18

emphysema

Question 19

abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis

Answer 19

pneumoconiosis

Question 20

acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction

Answer 20

pneumonia

Question 21

large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.

Answer 21

pulmonary abscess

Question 22

fluid filled in the air sacs and bronchioles

Answer 22

pulmonary edema

Question 23

clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

Answer 23

pulmonary embolism (PE)

Question 24

formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs

Answer 24

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 25

chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.

Answer 25

sarcoidosis

Question 26

infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.

Answer 26

tuberculosis (TB)

Question 27

rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura

Answer 27

mesothelioma

Question 28

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).

Answer 28

pleural effusion

Question 29

inflammation of the pleura

Answer 29

pleurisy (pleuritis)

Question 30

collection of air in the pleural space.

Answer 30

pneumothorax