Chapter 12 - Pathology Flashcards
Listening to sounds within the body
auscultation
tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.
percussion
Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other
pleural rub
fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli.
rales (crackles)
Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum
rhonchi
material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting.
sputum
Strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx.
stridor
continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing.
wheezes
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor.
croup
acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium.
diptheria
nosebleed
epistaxis
whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis
pertussis
chronic inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial and bronchiolar edema and constriction
asthma
chronic dilation of bronchus, usually secondary to infection.
bronchiectasis
inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long period of time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
chronic bronchitis
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally.
cystic fibrosis (CF)
collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli
atelectasis
hyperinflation or air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls
emphysema
abnormal lung condition caused by exposure to certain dusts; with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis
pneumoconiosis
acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of inflammatory reaction
pneumonia
large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs.
pulmonary abscess
fluid filled in the air sacs and bronchioles
pulmonary edema
clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung
pulmonary embolism (PE)
formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
pulmonary fibrosis
chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs.
sarcoidosis
infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis; lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected.
tuberculosis (TB)
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
mesothelioma
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity).
pleural effusion
inflammation of the pleura
pleurisy (pleuritis)
collection of air in the pleural space.
pneumothorax
