Chapter 10 - Pathology

Question 1

Destruction of myelin sheath (demyelination) and its replacement by hard plaques

Answer 1

MS

Question 2

Sudden, transient disturbances of brain function caused by seizures

Answer 2

Epilepsy

Question 3

The spinal column is imperfectly joined (a split in the vertebra occurs), and part of the meninges and spinal cord can herniate out of the spinal cavity

Answer 3

Myelomeningocele

Question 4

Atrophy of muscles and paralysis caused by damage to motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem

Answer 4

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Question 5

Patient displays bizzarre, abrupt, involuntary, dance-like movements, as well as a decline in mental functions

Answer 5

Huntington disease

Question 6

Cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the head(in the ventricles in the brain)

Answer 6

Hydrocephalus

Question 7

Loss of muscle strength due to the inability of acetylcholine to transmit impulses from nerve cells to muscles cells

Answer 7

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 8

Degeneration of nerves in the basal ganglia occurring later in life, leading to tremors, shuffling gait, and muscle stiffness; dopamine if deficient in the brain

Answer 8

Parkinson Disease

Question 9

Deterioration of mental capacity (dementia); autopsy shows cerebral cortex atrophy, widening of cerebral sulci, and microscopic neurofibrillary tangles;

Answer 9

Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 10

Unilateral facial paralysis

Answer 10

Bell Palsy

Question 11

Tumor of the neurological brain cells

Answer 11

Astrocytoma

Question 12

Inflammation of the meninges (bacterial infection with pus formation)

Answer 12

Pyogenic Meningitis

Question 13

Involuntary spasmodic twitching movements and uncontrollable vocal sounds

Answer 13

Tourette Syndrome

Question 14

Bruising of the brain tissue caused by direct trauma to the head

Answer 14

Cerebral Contusion

Question 15

disruption of normal blood supply to the brain; stroke or cerebral infarction

Answer 15

Cerebrovascular Accident

Question 16

Traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

Answer 16

Cerebral Concussion

Question 17

Neurological condition caused by the herpes zoster virus; blisters form along the course of the peripheral nerves

Answer 17

Herpes Zoster

Question 18

Blockage of a blood vessel in the cerebrum caused by material from another party of the body that suddenly occludes the vessel

Answer 18

Cerebral Embolus

Question 19

Blockage of a blood vessel in the cerebrum caused by a clot

Answer 19

Cerebral Thrombosis

Question 20

Collection of blood in the brain

Answer 20

Cerebral Hemorrhage

Question 21

widening of a blood vessel in the cerebrum; can burst and lead to a CVA

Answer 21

Cerebral Aneurysm

Question 22

Brain disease caused by infection with the AIDs virus

Answer 22

HIV Encephalopathy