Chapter 5: On the Streets: Organization, Responsibilities, and Challenges Flashcards
Rotten Apple Theory
The idea that corruption in most police departments can be traced to just a few officers.
Grass-eaters
Identified by the Knapp Commission as officers who acted as passive participants when other were engaging in bribery and corruption.
Meat-eaters
Identified by the Knapp Commission as officers who actively engaged in corrupt activities
Discretion
It allows police and others throughput the criminal justice system the latitude to make an arrest or not
Patrol
Patrol officers are responsible for preventing crime, apprehending suspects, and assisting community members
Reactive Policing
A traditional style of policing relying on responding to calls for services
Proactive Policing
Self-initiated officer activities to prevent and detect crime
Community Policing
A philosophy and style of policing that adopts proactive measures and collaborates with community members
Problem-oriented Policing
A policing style that emphasizes the use of data analysis and assessment to address crime problems
SARA model
Scan
Analysis
Respond
Assess
Crime Triangle
Also referred to as the problem analysis triangle, a strategy that focuses on immediate concerns present in the environment in order to confront difficult issues.
Routine Activity Theory
Cohen and Felson’s theory that posits that the convergence in space and time of motivated offenders, suitable targets and the absence of capable guardians increases the risk of criminal incidents.
Broken Windows Theory
Introduced by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling to describe the social disorder that occurs in run-down and neglected neighborhoods, which leads to higher crime rates.
Hot Spots
Specific geographical locations identified as high crime areas
Zero Tolerance
A policing approach that focuses enforcement efforts on quality-of-life issues such as disorder and minor crime. Enforcement efforts are applied to low-level crimes and minor infractions in specific neighbohoods
Intelligence-led Policing
A means of creating efficiency and effectiveness in police agencies that emphasizes the importance of risk assessment and risk management.
Fusion Centers
Developed under the National Criminal Intelligence Sharing Plan to help in information exchanges on intelligence gathered from confidential informants, surveillance and crime data analysis
CompSTAT
A law enforcement strategy first adopted by the New York City Police Department that relies on crime mapping to identify hot spots and crime trends in order to effectively address problems
Continuum of Force
Guideline for the degree of force and weapon an officer may use during an arrest, which is becoming outdated
Profiling
Occurs when officers question or investigate a person based on race, ethnicity, religion or national origin.
Mandatory Arrest Policies
Polices that limit police discretion in certain situations; they are frequently applied to incidents involving domestic violence.
Private Policing
Policing provided by private entities. Protection is extended to corporate executives and other high-profile individuals.
CopLink
An information technology system that offers tactical lead generation, crime analysis, and info sharing among local, regional, state, and national law enforcement agencies.
High Activity Location Observation Cameras (HALO)
Remote-controlled cameras that can view 360 degrees zoom, and tilt. This technology enables law enforcement to observe and monitor areas of interest for criminal investigations and crime prevention
Nonlethal Force
Type of force that provides viable options for dealing with resisting suspects such as…
- pepper spray
- rubber bullets
- sedative darts
