Chapter 1: Intro to Crime and the CJ System

Question 1

Criminal Justice

Answer 1

The system of institutions, policies, and practices with the goal of maintaining social control and deterring crime through sanctions and rehabilitation.

Question 2

Law Enforcement

Answer 2

one of the three main components of the criminal justice system. Law enforcement agencies are charged with investigating crimes and arresting individuals alleged to have committed crimes.

Question 3

Courts

Answer 3

One of the three main components of the criminal justice system. The courts are responsible for interpreting and applying the law.

Question 4

Corrections

Answer 4

Functions to protect society from criminals through housing, monitoring, and other community based programs

Question 5

Nolle Prosequi

Answer 5

Latin for “be unwilling to pursue” this is commonly used by a prosecutor to willingly terminate legal proceedings before trail or before a verdict. The statement is often construed as an admission that the charges can’t be proven.

Question 6

No bill

Answer 6

A decision made by a grand jury that indicates that insufficient evidence is present to proceed with the case.

Question 7

Nolo Contendere

Answer 7

A plea made by a defendant in which he or she neither admits nor disputes guilt. It is commonly referred to as a “no-contest” plea.

Question 8

Indeterminate Sentence

Answer 8

Sentence given to a defendant in the form of a range of years to be served (ie. 3-15 years)

Question 9

Victim Advocates

Answer 9

Trained professionals who support crime victims as their cases move through the criminal justice system.

Question 10

Inalienable Rights

Answer 10

Rights that are universal and not contingent on laws or beliefs specific to a particular govt. or culture

Question 11

Judicial Activism

Answer 11

This refers to deviation from the literal meaning of the constitution, to take into account the present situation including complex societal advances.

Question 12

USA PATRIOT Act

Answer 12

The 2001 Uniting and Strengthening American by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act was sign into law by President George W Bush to strengthen security measures designed to protect the US from attack.

Question 13

USA Freedom Act

Answer 13

A 2015 law that came into effect the day after the USA PATRIOT Act expired. This act restored many provision of the PATRIOT Act but limited the collection of telecommunication metadata of citizens by the National Security Agency.

Question 14

Crime

Answer 14

The breaking of a law for which the criminal justice system or some other governing authority prescribes punishment.

Question 15

Street Crime

Answer 15

These crimes are relatively common and serious, involving a victim and offender who come together in space and time

Question 16

Property Crime

Answer 16

Crime against property. The most common forms include, burglary, property theft, and motor vehicle theft

Question 17

Victimless Crime

Answer 17

These criminal offences are thought not to involve victims because they do not directly harm individuals other than the offenders.

Question 18

Arraignment

Answer 18

Charges are given, defendant informed of his/her rights, enters a plea
Guilty, not guilty, nolo contendere (accept penalty without admitting guilt)

Question 19

Nolo contendere

Answer 19

accept penalty without admitting guilt

Question 20

White-collar Crimes

Answer 20

Crimes committed by a person of respectability and high status in the course of his/her occupation

Question 21

Mala en se

Answer 21

Behavior that is immoral and inherently wrong by nature

Question 22

Mala Prohibita

Answer 22

Behavior that is prohibited by the law (changes over time)

Question 23

Justifiable Homicide

Answer 23

lawful and intentional taking of another’s life

Question 24

Castle doctrine

Answer 24

You have the right to kill those who intrudes on your residence

Question 25

“Stand Your Ground”

Answer 25

Is a justification in a criminal case, whereby defendants can “stand their ground” and use force without retreating, in order to protect and defend themselves or others against threats or perceived threats.

Question 26

Cyber Crime

Answer 26

A form of illegal activity using a computer or computer networks as the primary method of commission. Examples include network intrusions, dissemination of computer viruses and phishing.

Question 27

Terrorism

Answer 27

The completed of threatened use of coercion and/or violence against a population of people with the goal of changing political, religious, or ideological positions.

Question 28

decriminalization

Answer 28

The act of ending or reducing criminal associated with some behavior

Question 29

Adultery

Answer 29

Sex by a married person with someone other than his or her spouse.
specific laws differ by state and criminality associated with it.

Question 30

Rape

Answer 30

A type of violent crime considered mala in se that includes “penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with a body part of object, oral penetration by a sex organ or another person, without the consent of the victim.”

Question 31

Crime Control POV

Answer 31

A popular view of the role of the CJ system. This POV states that the goal of the system is to prevent crime by shrewdly and harshly punishing offenders.

Question 32

Rehabilitative POV

Answer 32

A view that the purpose of the CJ system is to rehabilitate offenders.

Question 33

Due Process POV

Answer 33

A perspective that views the role of the CJ system to be to ensure that all people accused of crimes are treated fairly and equally in the system.

Question 34

Restorative Justice POV

Answer 34

This POV indicated that the role of the CJ system is to restore justice as best as possible through repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior.

Question 35

Nonintervention POV

Answer 35

A view that the role of the CJ system is to be as minimal and non intrusive as possible

Question 36

Consensus Model

Answer 36

A theoretical view of the CJ system that highlights the collaborative nature of the system. The components of the criminal justice system work in unison to achieve justice.

Question 37

Conflict Model

Answer 37

A theoretical view of the CJ system that highlights the adversarial nature of the system. components of the criminal justice system work in competition to produce a fair outcome or justice.

Question 38

Framing

Answer 38

The packaging of criminal events in the media into tidy presentations that make sharing the info easy.

Question 39

Faulty Criminal Justice System Frame

Answer 39

Suggests that crime occurs because of a dearth of law and order in the country and that criminals offend because they feel they can get away with it.

Question 40

Blocked Opportunities Frame

Answer 40

This frame indicates that crime results from a lack of legal options. Offenders live in poverty, are uneducated, unemployed and discriminated against, and because of that commit crime.

Question 41

Social Breakdown Frame

Answer 41

Indicates that crime is the result of a breakdown in family and community

Question 42

Racist System Frame

Answer 42

Indicates that the problem is not crime, but rather that law enforcement, courts and corrections are racist agents of oppression.

Question 43

Violent Media Frame

Answer 43

This frame find that crime is depicted as a direct result of the violent media present in television, movies, video games and music.

Question 44

Infotainment

Answer 44

The marketing of a highly edited and distorted combination of entertainment and information posed to be truthful and comprehensive.

Question 45

Narrow-casting

Answer 45

The presentation of a narrow view of information in the media to small homogeneous audiences.

Question 46

Criminology

Answer 46

An academic discipline that investigates the nature, extent, and causes of criminal offending and criminal victimization.