Chapter 4: The History of Policing NOT ON EXAM

Question 1

Borh

Answer 1

Earliest known system of policing in England. The borh was a unit that was responsible for policing and security, which was generally a collective of 12 individuals who stood surety for one another’s good behavior.

Question 2

Frankpledge

Answer 2

A system of policing that replaced the borh. A frankpledge included all boys and men age 12 and up from 10 households into groups referred to as tythings

Question 3

Hundred

Answer 3

Ten tithings grouped together into a collective for police and security purposes. A hundred was supervised by a leader known as a hundredman

Question 4

Parish Constable

Answer 4

Policing agent who operated in smaller towns. Initially elected by the parishioners, the parish constable was generally unarmed, unpaid, and part-time.

Question 5

Shire Reeves

Answer 5

Precursors to sheriffs

Question 6

Sheriffs

Answer 6

Early policing agents who were charged to pursue and apprehend criminals at great personal financial expense.

Question 7

Watchmen

Answer 7

Used to protect property in England’s larger cities and towns, and in colonial America.
These individuals patrolled at night to protect the community from robberies, fires and other disturbances

Question 8

Thief Takers

Answer 8

Men hired by victims to capture a criminal and present them to the victim.
-very corrupt

Question 9

Metropolitan Police Act of 1829

Answer 9

An act introduced by Sir Robert Peel, which established London’s Metropolitan Police force. This is considered at the beginning of modern policing

Question 10

Bobbies

Answer 10

Were the nicknames for early police of Britain

Question 11

Peelers

Answer 11

were the nicknames for early police of Ireland

Question 12

Peelian Principles

Answer 12

Widely cited list that described Peel’s philosophy of an ethical police force
Research shows that these were never provided by Peel himself.

Question 13

Vigilantes

Answer 13

Self-appointed distributors of justice according to their own rules.

Question 14

Slave Patrol

Answer 14

Policing group that originated in 1704 in South Carolina and consisted of a group of three to six white men who regulated the behavior of slaves and hunted down and punished escaped slaves.

Question 15

Fugitive Slave Law of 1850

Answer 15

A law passed by the US congress that addressed fears of a “Slave power conspiracy” as the number of slaves grew. This law created and need for slave patrols, which became the purview of police officers.

Question 16

Third Degree

Answer 16

Early (now outlawed) method used by police officers that included brutalizing an individual in order to gather information.

Question 17

Modus Operandi

Answer 17

A system for solving crimes that facilitated the identification of crime patterns. This system was first implemented by August Vollmer.

Question 18

Police Matron

Answer 18

Title frequently given to women who worked in the early days of policing

Question 19

Literacy Tests

Answer 19

Tests given to deny African Americans the right to vote

Question 20

Covered Jurisdictions

Answer 20

States, cities, or countries that must submit proposed voting changes to the US department of justice because of their histories of discrimination against minority voters

Question 21

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968

Answer 21

An act that established agencies and rules dealing with crime.