Chapter 10: Correctional Responses in the Community Flashcards
Correctional Responses in the Community
Sanctions for criminal acts that are less severe than full-time incarceration but more severe then probation.
Problem solving court
A specialized court designed to better meet the needs of a particular group of offenders
Recidivism
A measure that identifies relapse into criminal offending behavior.
Intermediate responses and sanctions
A type of correctional response in the community that includes probation plus additional community sanctions, which are generally administered by probation departments.
Electronic monitoring
An intermediate sanction in which the probationer wears and ankle, wrist or neck monitor that identifies his or her location
Intensive supervised probation
A type of probation in which offenders undergo extreme supervision and monitoring
House arrest
A type of intermediate sanction that restricts offenders from leaving their homes
Split sentence or shock probation
A for of intermediate sanction in which the offender initially spends time in jail or prison and then is released into corrections in the community
Boot Camps
A type of intermediate sanction in which offenders are mandated to a military setting, where they are required to follow orders, march, run drills, and engage in physical training.
Residential community housing
A facility where offenders are secured at night but are released during the day to work, attend school, or receive treatment
Work-release program
An intermediate sanction that requires offenders to live in a secure facility but allows their release for work
General conditions
Conditions or corrections in the community that are standard across convicted offenders
Special conditions
Conditions of one’s community corrections that are specific to a particular offender
Probation fees
Fees paid by the offender to cover costs of services such as the preparation of the presentence report, work-release programs, electronic monitoring, and drug, alcohol and anger management counseling
Technical violation
The failure to abide by certain conditions of community corrections that do not involve committing a new crime
Legal violation
The commission of a crime while serving corrections in the community
Net widening
The increasing harshness of sentencing given to offenders who would have traditionally been sentenced to probation
GPS Monitoring
Used primarily to track high-risk offenders, especially sex offenders and it comes it two forms: passive and active
Radio frequency identification devices (RFID)
A type of community corrections used to monitor those serving home confinement sentences via ankle or wrist bracelets.
Automated kiosk reporting
A type of community corrections in which a probationer provides information to a freestanding machine often using eye-scanning technology
Remote alcohol detection (RAD)
A type of community corrections: a bracelet that, when applied to the probationer’s skin, can detect ethanol excreted in perspiration
Eye scan
Biometric technology increasingly being used in community corrections to determine if a probationer has used drugs or alcohol or is fatigued
Arm of the court
A phrase used to describe a probation officer who acts as the courts fact finder
Probation investigation
The process of gathering info on offenders lives ad ties it to the community both positive and negative
Risk assessment
A determination of offenders propensity to harm themselves or others
Classification
Determines the level of supervision appropriate for each offender based on probation investigation and risk assessment
Supervision
The duty of the officers to watch over offenders on their caseloads
Presentence report
An important aggregation of facts about the offender usually prepared by the probation officer
Static risk predictors
Characteristics of offenders that cannot be changed such as the age at first arrest, the number of prior arrests and the number of times the person has been incarcerated in the past
Dynamic risk predictors
Characteristics of offenders amenable to change, such as employment status, educational level and peer groups.
