Chapter 11: Institutional Corrections

Question 1

Corporal punishment

Answer 1

Physical punishment in response to an offense designed to discipline and reform an offender

Question 2

Penology

Answer 2

The study of principles of punishment for criminal acts

Question 3

New penology

Answer 3

The study of the principles of punishment, often reflecting the contemporary turn toward the view that punishment is the primary role of prison

Question 4

Hanging

Answer 4

A form of punishment used in the early days of the US as a penalty for the worst offences

Question 5

Flogging

Answer 5

An early punishment that consisted of serious beatings or whippings

Question 6

Mutilation

Answer 6

The amputation of body parts to curtail the perpetrators ability to reoffend

Question 7

Gossips brible or scolds helm

Answer 7

A heavy iron device that covered an offenders head to punish and deter those who nagged slandered or gossiped

Question 8

Branding

Answer 8

Early form of punishment that severed as a record to alert others of the persons past offences

Question 9

Stocks

Answer 9

A painful punishment generally administered with public humiliation

Question 10

Pillory

Answer 10

A painful punishment that forced the offender into a standing position with hands, head and ear commonly nailed to the pillory wood

Question 11

Penitentiary

Answer 11

A correctional facility used to imprison criminal offenders

Question 12

Pennsylvania system

Answer 12

A penitentiary system based on the guiding philosophy that isolation and silence are necessary for offender reflection, reformation and rehabilitation. Also known as the separate system

Question 13

Auburn system

Answer 13

A style of incarceration based on reformation. Inmates were housed separately and are not allowed to communicate. During the day inmates worked and ate in silence. Also known as the congregate system

Question 14

Separate system

Answer 14

Another name for the pennsylvania system, which reflects the lack of interpersonal interaction experienced by inmates

Question 15

Congregate system

Answer 15

Penitentiary system in which prison officials sold the labor and services of inmates during the day

Question 16

Contract system

Answer 16

Penitentiary system in which prison officials sold the labor and services of inmates to private contractors for a fixed price per inmate per day.

Question 17

Convict leasing system

Answer 17

A system whereby private businesses paid the state annual fee for control of inmates.

Question 18

Black codes

Answer 18

Statutes that criminalized trivial behavior, such as obscene lang. Of newly freed slaves.

Question 19

Reformation movement

Answer 19

A movement born during the 1870 meeting of the national prison association, which called for institutions focused on reformation

Question 20

Declaration of principle

Answer 20

37-paragraph document adopted at the 1870 meeting of the national prison association that called for institutions focused on reformation and rejected the notion that punishment was the ultimate goal of imprisonment

Question 21

Correctional officers

Answer 21

People charges with managing inmates who are incarcerated in jail, reformatory, prison, or penitentiary

Question 22

Matrons

Answer 22

Correctional officers in a women’s prison or reformatory

Question 23

Just deserts

Answer 23

sentencing perspective that has dominated the purpose of incarceration since about the 1980’s. The severity of the crime matches the punishment

Question 24

jails

Answer 24

local facilities managed by cities and countries that perform an overlapping but distinct purpose from prisons and penitenitaries

Question 25

Lockups

Answer 25

local facilities that are used to detain individuals from 24 to 48 hours.

Question 26

Classification view

Answer 26

An assessment made t determine an offenders risk level and needs

Question 27

super maximum prisons

Answer 27

the most secure and restrictive of all prisons, which are (in theory) reserved for the most dangerous offenders.

Question 28

Maximum security prisons

Answer 28

the most secure facilities available in many states. Most inmates incarcerated in maximum security facilities have committed violent crimes such as murder, rape, child abuse, and human trafficking

Question 29

Medium security prisons

Answer 29

these facilities house inmates who have committed less serious crimes such as theft and assault.

Question 30

minimum security prisons

Answer 30

these facilities house mainly nonviolent white-collar criminals who are thought to pose little to no threat the members of the community.

Question 31

Ghost inmate

Answer 31

a nonexistent inmate charged to the govt. by private prisons

Question 32

ghost emplyees

Answer 32

nonexistent employees for who private prisons have illegally charged the govt.

Question 33

video conferencing

Answer 33

technology used in correctional facilities to facilitate visitation, meetings and medical care

Question 34

telemedicine

Answer 34

new technology used to provide medical care to inmtes remotely

Question 35

body-imaging scanners

Answer 35

technology recently adopted in prisons to detect contraband