Chapter 11: Institutional Corrections Flashcards
Corporal punishment
Physical punishment in response to an offense designed to discipline and reform an offender
Penology
The study of principles of punishment for criminal acts
New penology
The study of the principles of punishment, often reflecting the contemporary turn toward the view that punishment is the primary role of prison
Hanging
A form of punishment used in the early days of the US as a penalty for the worst offences
Flogging
An early punishment that consisted of serious beatings or whippings
Mutilation
The amputation of body parts to curtail the perpetrators ability to reoffend
Gossips brible or scolds helm
A heavy iron device that covered an offenders head to punish and deter those who nagged slandered or gossiped
Branding
Early form of punishment that severed as a record to alert others of the persons past offences
Stocks
A painful punishment generally administered with public humiliation
Pillory
A painful punishment that forced the offender into a standing position with hands, head and ear commonly nailed to the pillory wood
Penitentiary
A correctional facility used to imprison criminal offenders
Pennsylvania system
A penitentiary system based on the guiding philosophy that isolation and silence are necessary for offender reflection, reformation and rehabilitation. Also known as the separate system
Auburn system
A style of incarceration based on reformation. Inmates were housed separately and are not allowed to communicate. During the day inmates worked and ate in silence. Also known as the congregate system
Separate system
Another name for the pennsylvania system, which reflects the lack of interpersonal interaction experienced by inmates
Congregate system
Penitentiary system in which prison officials sold the labor and services of inmates during the day
Contract system
Penitentiary system in which prison officials sold the labor and services of inmates to private contractors for a fixed price per inmate per day.
Convict leasing system
A system whereby private businesses paid the state annual fee for control of inmates.
Black codes
Statutes that criminalized trivial behavior, such as obscene lang. Of newly freed slaves.
Reformation movement
A movement born during the 1870 meeting of the national prison association, which called for institutions focused on reformation
Declaration of principle
37-paragraph document adopted at the 1870 meeting of the national prison association that called for institutions focused on reformation and rejected the notion that punishment was the ultimate goal of imprisonment
Correctional officers
People charges with managing inmates who are incarcerated in jail, reformatory, prison, or penitentiary
Matrons
Correctional officers in a women’s prison or reformatory
Just deserts
sentencing perspective that has dominated the purpose of incarceration since about the 1980’s. The severity of the crime matches the punishment
jails
local facilities managed by cities and countries that perform an overlapping but distinct purpose from prisons and penitenitaries
Lockups
local facilities that are used to detain individuals from 24 to 48 hours.
Classification view
An assessment made t determine an offenders risk level and needs
super maximum prisons
the most secure and restrictive of all prisons, which are (in theory) reserved for the most dangerous offenders.
Maximum security prisons
the most secure facilities available in many states. Most inmates incarcerated in maximum security facilities have committed violent crimes such as murder, rape, child abuse, and human trafficking
Medium security prisons
these facilities house inmates who have committed less serious crimes such as theft and assault.
minimum security prisons
these facilities house mainly nonviolent white-collar criminals who are thought to pose little to no threat the members of the community.
Ghost inmate
a nonexistent inmate charged to the govt. by private prisons
ghost emplyees
nonexistent employees for who private prisons have illegally charged the govt.
video conferencing
technology used in correctional facilities to facilitate visitation, meetings and medical care
telemedicine
new technology used to provide medical care to inmtes remotely
body-imaging scanners
technology recently adopted in prisons to detect contraband
