Chapter 5: Neuro Impairment

Question 1

objective findings of pathology that can be determined by physical examination

Answer 1

signs

Question 2

subjective reports associated with pathology that are perceived by pts, but may not be objectively examined

Answer 2

symptoms

Question 3

the release of abnormal behavior

Answer 3

positive signs/symptoms

Question 4

loss of normal behavior

Answer 4

negative signs/symptoms

Question 5

impairments as a result of CNS lesions, causing problems in motor sensory/perceptual and/or cognitive systems

Answer 5

primary effect

Question 6

impairments not directly resulting from the CNS lesion, but developed as a result of the original problems

Answer 6

secondary effect

Question 7

impairments in the actions systems:

Answer 7

motor weakness (paresis)
abnormal synergies
coactivation
abnormal muscle tone

Question 8

inability to generate sufficient tension in a muscle and a major impairment of motor function in the UMN syndrome

Answer 8

motor weakness (paresis)

Question 9

pathology within the CNS can produce problems in activating and sequencing appropriate muscles for functional tasks, which results in the production of unnecessary movements in joints and muscles not directly involved in a functional movement task

Answer 9

abnormal synergies

Question 10

simultaneous activation of agonist and antagonist muscle pairs during unction movements

Answer 10

coactivation

Question 11

increased muscle tone - velocity dependent

Answer 11

spasticity

Question 12

increased muscle tone - velocity independent

Answer 12

rigidity

Question 13

impairments in the sensory system:

Answer 13

somatosensory, visual and vestibular deficits

Question 14

optic nerve –>

Answer 14

loss of vision in the ipsilateral eye

Question 15

optic chiasm –>

Answer 15

loss of vision in temporal visual field from both eyes (tunnel vision)

Question 16

optic tract –>

Answer 16

loss of vision in contralateral fields in both eyes

Question 17

impairments in the perceptual system:

Answer 17

body image/schema, spatial relation, apraxia

Question 18

the awareness of body parts and their relationship to another and the environment

Answer 18

body image/body schema

Question 19

perceiving oneself in relation to other objects, or other objects in relation to oneself

Answer 19

spatial relation

Question 20

inability to carry out purposeful movement in the presence of intact sensation, movement and coordination (usually found in L sided brain damage)

Answer 20

apraxia

Question 21

movement may occur automatically but may not be performed on command

Answer 21

ideomotor apraxia (limb)

Question 22

purposeful movement is not possible either automatically or on command

Answer 22

ideational apraxia (limb)

Question 23

impairments in the cognitive system:

Answer 23

attention, memory, orientation, explicit and implicit motor learning, arousal/level of consciousness, problem-solving

Question 24

slowed movement time, time taken to execute a task-specific movement once it has been initiated

Answer 24

bradykinesia

Question 25

reduced ability to initiate a movement

Answer 25

hypokinesia

Question 26

a syndrome dominated by sustained muscle contractions, frequencly causing twisting and repetitive movements of abnormal postures

Answer 26

dystonia

Question 27

involuntary, irregular and jerky movement

Answer 27

chorea

Question 28

ash worth scale 0 =

Answer 28

no increase in muscle tone

Question 29

ash worth scale 1/ 1+ =

Answer 29

slight increase in tone

Question 30

ash worth scale 4 =

Answer 30

affected parts rigid in flexion/extension

Question 31

ash worth scale 2 =

Answer 31

more marked increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult

Question 32

ash worth scare 3 =

Answer 32

considerable increase in muscle tone, passive movement difficult