Chapter 1: Motor Control Flashcards
the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement
motor control
why is studying motor control important?
therapeutic strategies are designed to improve the quality and quantity of postures and movements essential to function
three factors influencing the organization and control of movement
individual, environment, task
a synthesis of information from what three factors determines the nature of motor control?
action, perception and cognition
movement is often described within the context of accomplishing a particular ___
understanding the control of ___ implies understanding the motor output from the body’s effector system, or muscles
action
the integration of sensory input into psychologically meaningful information
essential to action
perception
an essential element of movement to achieve a specific goal or intent
cognition
walking/running
task
ability, development
individual
walk/running and moving surface/moving BOS
mobility
sit/stand/nonmoving surface/BOS
stability
increases in the demand for stability
manipulation
requiring individuals to adapt their performance within a constantly changing and unpredictable environment
open movement tasks
relatively stereotyped, showing little variability, and performed in relatively fixed or predictable situations
closed movement tasks
surface, lighting
environment
the type of environment that shapes the movement itself, such as type of the surface on the floor, or the size, shape and weight of a cup to be picked up
regulatory
features of environment may influence performance but movement does not have to be dictated by these factors
nonregulatory
the basis for all movement, which could be explained by the combined action of individual reflexes chained together
Reflex Theory
reflexes controlled by lower levels of the neural hierarchy are present only when cortical centers are damaged (this theory states that higher level exerts control over the level below it)
hierarchical theory
physiology of actions rather than the physiology of reactions
motor programming theory
understanding of the characteristics of the system you are moving and the external and internal forces acting on the body
systems theory
movement is controlled by the information in our environment that is detected by our motor systems
ecological theory
based largely on the assumptions drawn from both the reflex and hierarchical theory control
neurofacilitation approach
to achieve function through original process or using mechanisms previously used, following stroke
recovery
to substitute for impairments using assistive device/atypical motor patterns
compensation
