Chapter 1: Motor Control

Question 1

the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

Answer 1

motor control

Question 2

why is studying motor control important?

Answer 2

therapeutic strategies are designed to improve the quality and quantity of postures and movements essential to function

Question 3

three factors influencing the organization and control of movement

Answer 3

individual, environment, task

Question 4

a synthesis of information from what three factors determines the nature of motor control?

Answer 4

action, perception and cognition

Question 5

movement is often described within the context of accomplishing a particular ___
understanding the control of ___ implies understanding the motor output from the body’s effector system, or muscles

Answer 5

action

Question 6

the integration of sensory input into psychologically meaningful information
essential to action

Answer 6

perception

Question 7

an essential element of movement to achieve a specific goal or intent

Answer 7

cognition

Question 8

walking/running

Answer 8

task

Question 9

ability, development

Answer 9

individual

Question 10

walk/running and moving surface/moving BOS

Answer 10

mobility

Question 11

sit/stand/nonmoving surface/BOS

Answer 11

stability

Question 12

increases in the demand for stability

Answer 12

manipulation

Question 13

requiring individuals to adapt their performance within a constantly changing and unpredictable environment

Answer 13

open movement tasks

Question 14

relatively stereotyped, showing little variability, and performed in relatively fixed or predictable situations

Answer 14

closed movement tasks

Question 15

surface, lighting

Answer 15

environment

Question 16

the type of environment that shapes the movement itself, such as type of the surface on the floor, or the size, shape and weight of a cup to be picked up

Answer 16

regulatory

Question 17

features of environment may influence performance but movement does not have to be dictated by these factors

Answer 17

nonregulatory

Question 18

the basis for all movement, which could be explained by the combined action of individual reflexes chained together

Answer 18

Reflex Theory

Question 19

reflexes controlled by lower levels of the neural hierarchy are present only when cortical centers are damaged (this theory states that higher level exerts control over the level below it)

Answer 19

hierarchical theory

Question 20

physiology of actions rather than the physiology of reactions

Answer 20

motor programming theory

Question 21

understanding of the characteristics of the system you are moving and the external and internal forces acting on the body

Answer 21

systems theory

Question 22

movement is controlled by the information in our environment that is detected by our motor systems

Answer 22

ecological theory

Question 23

based largely on the assumptions drawn from both the reflex and hierarchical theory control

Answer 23

neurofacilitation approach

Question 24

to achieve function through original process or using mechanisms previously used, following stroke

Answer 24

recovery

Question 25

to substitute for impairments using assistive device/atypical motor patterns

Answer 25

compensation