Chapter 13: Mobility in Older Adults

Question 1

many of the ____ in older adults occur during ___

Answer 1

falls, walking

Question 2

falls are the ____ leading cause of death in people over ___ years old

Answer 2

7th, 75

Question 3

____ and _____ components are responsible for changes in gait function

Answer 3

genetic and experiential

Question 4

changes in gait parameters for elderly

Answer 4

decreased walking speed
shorter stride length
longer double support phase
decrease swing phase
wider base of support

Question 5

kinematic changes

Answer 5

decreased arm swing
decrease hip, knee and ankle flexion
flatter foot on heel strike
decreased ability to co-vary hip/knee movement
decreased dynamic stability during stance
decreased vertical movement of the COG and COM

Question 6

kinetic changes

Answer 6

decrease power generation at push off

decreased power absorption at heel strike

Question 7

muscle activation pattern

Answer 7

increase muscle activity level at specific points in the step cycle (increased effort to improve stability)
increased coactivation of agonist and antagonist muscles (increased stiffness)

Question 8

proactive locomotory abilities change with age, taking longer time to adapt an upcoming step in order to avoid an obstacle

Answer 8

proactive adaptation

Question 9

do trips or slips account for more injuries

Answer 9

trips - 35- 47%

slips - 27 - 32%

Question 10

what is another important requirement for gait function?

Answer 10

attention

Question 11

older adults showed _____ obstacle contacts compared to young adults while walking and stepping over a virtual object.

Answer 11

increased