Chapter 5 - Mutation Flashcards
1
Q
Define mutation
A
any change to the base sequence of an organism’s DNA
2
Q
What are the two types of mutation?
A
Somatic mutation and germline mutation
3
Q
What is somatic mutation?
A
- occurs in somatic cells
- not heritable
- cannot be passed onto offspring
4
Q
What is germline mutation?
A
- occurs in gametes
- heritable
- can be passed onto offspring
example: downsyndrome
5
Q
What is nondisjunction?
A
occurs when the homologous pairs/sister chromatids fail to separate during anaphase I or II
6
Q
Define aneuploidy
A
results in somatic cells/gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes
7
Q
What is polyploid?
A
When the cell has more than two sets of chromosomes
8
Q
What is monosomy?
A
cell has only one copy of that chromosome
9
Q
What is trisomy?
A
Daughter cells receive both sister chromatids and have three copies of the same chromosome.
10
Q
When does meiotic nondisjunction occur?
A
occurs at either anaphase I or II
