Chapter 2 - Mitosis

Question 1

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle?

Answer 1

1. Interphase
2. Mitotic (M) phase
3. Cytokinses (C) phase

Question 2

What is the interphase?

Answer 2

The time the cell spends between each division
Cell grows and carries about its general and specific functions

Question 3

What are the 3 specific phases of the interphase? and what are the functions of each?

Answer 3

G1 phase - cell growth and normal cellular functions
S phase - DNA replication
G2 - cell growth and preparation for cell division

Question 4

What is the mitotic phase?

Answer 4

• short time where the cell divides
• includes mitosis and cytokinesis
• produces 2 genetically identical cells from a parent cell

Question 5

What abbreviation can be used to remember the stages of mitosis?

Answer 5

P - prophase
P - prometaphase
M - metaphase
A - anaphase
T - telophase

Question 6

What occurs during prohase of mitosis?

Answer 6

• replication DNA condenses and becomes visible under the light microscope
• centrioles begin to produce spindle fibres and move to the ends of the cell

Question 7

What occurs at prometaphase of mitosis?

Answer 7

• nuclear envelope breaks down
• spindle fibres attach to the centromeres

Question 8

What occurs at metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 8

spindle fibres move chromosomes to line up, single file down the equator of the cell

Question 9

What occurs at anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 9

• spindle fibres pull back towards centrioles
• centromeres are torn and chromatids are separated

Question 10

What occurs at telophase of mitosis?

Answer 10

• nuclear envelope forms around each group of chromosomes
• spindle breaks down
• chromosomes start to unwind

Question 11

What occurs during cytokineses in animal cells?

Answer 11

• contactile ring composed of actin filaments form inside the plasma membrane
• actin filaments pull the equator of the cell inward to form a cleavage furrow
• the furrow deepends until the membrane is split into two

Question 12

What occurs during cytokinesis in plant cell?

Answer 12

• the golgi apparatus packs cellulose and phospholipids (make up the membrane) into vesicles
• Vesicles are transported to the middle of the cell forming a cell plate
• the vesicles fuse and the cell plate enlarges to form a new cell wall

Question 13

How do unicellular eukaryotic organisms reproduce asexually?

Answer 13

By mitosis

Question 14

How do unicellular prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually?

Answer 14

Binary fission

Question 15

What are the advantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 15

Faster than sexual reproduction
Requires less energy (no mating)
Produces more offspring

Question 16

What are the disadvantages of asexual reproduction?

Answer 16

No/low genetic diversity
Weakness passed on
susceptibility to disease