Chapter 3 - Mendelian genetics

Question 1

What is a character?

Answer 1

Any heritable feature that shows variation between individuals

Question 2

What are traits?

Answer 2

Different forms of character

Question 3

What is true-breeding?

Answer 3

An individual that always produces offpsring with the same form of character

Question 4

What is hybridisation?

Answer 4

Crossing or mating two true-breeding individuals with different traits

Question 5

What is a parental generation?

Answer 5

Original individuals

Question 6

What is the F1 generation?

Answer 6

The hybrid offspring

Question 7

What is the F2 generation?

Answer 7

Crossing 2 individuals of the F1 generation

Question 8

What are monohybrid crosses?

Answer 8

Crosses that explore/examine one character

Question 9

Alleles

Answer 9

Different forms of genes

Question 10

What is a dominant trait?

Answer 10

That trait that appears in the F1 generation of monohybrid cross
It is determined by the dominantn allele

Question 11

What is the recessive trait?

Answer 11

The trait that is hidden in the F1 generation

Question 12

What is the law of dominance?

Answer 12

The recessive phenotype will always be hidden when there’s a dominant allele

Question 13

Genotype

Answer 13

Combination of alleles inherited from parents

Question 14

Phenotype

Answer 14

The physical appearance of character

Question 15

Homozygous

Answer 15

Two copies of the same allele

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

Two different alleles in the same gentoype

Question 17

What is the law of segregation?

Answer 17

During anaphase I and II of meiosis
Homologous chromosomes carrying the gene are seprated into different gametes by random chance

Question 18

What is the law of independent assortment?

Answer 18

The pair of alleles of one gene will be distributed between the gametes with no influence on how the pair of alleles of a different gene have been distributed

Homologs of each pair will be distributed randomly between different gametes