Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > Chapter 5:Medical Specialists and Case Reports > Flashcards

Chapter 5:Medical Specialists and Case Reports Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What are the requirements to become a doctor?

A

4 years of medical school then pass a national medical board exam. They then receive their MD or “Medicinae Doctor”.

Some receive postgraduate training (residency) which can last 3 years or more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Anesthesiology

A

Administration of agents capable or bringing about a loss or sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Dermatology

A

Diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Emergency medicine

A

Care of patients that requires sudden and immediate action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Family practice

A

Primary care of all members of the family on a continuing basis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Internal medicine

A

Diagnosis and treatment of usually complex disorders in adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Ophthalmology

A

Diagnosis and treatment of eye disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Pathology

A

Diagnosis of the cause and nature of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Pediatrics

A

Diagnosis and treatment of children’s disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Psychiatry

A

Diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Radiology

A

Diagnosis using X-ray studies including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the function of the residency: Surgery

A

Treatment by manual (SURG-means hand) or operative methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is fellowship training?

A

A 2-5 year program training doctors in clinical (patient care) and research (lab) skills

EX 1: An internist may choose to do a fellowship in specialties such as neurology, nephrology, endocrinology, and oncology.

EX 2: A surgeon may choose to specialize further in thoracic surgery, neurosurgery, or plastic surgery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the area of practice: Allergist

A

Treatment of hypersensitivity reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the area of practice: Cardiologist

A

Treatment of heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the area of practice: Emergency Practitioner

A

Immediate evaluation and treatment of acute injury and illness in a hospital setting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the area of practice: Geriatrician

A

Treatment of diseases of old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the area of practice: Gynecologist

A

Surgery and treatment for diseases of the female reproductive system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the area of practice: Hematologist

A

Treatment of blood disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the area of practice: Hospitalist

A

General medical care of hospitalized patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the area of practice: Infectious Disease Specialist

A

Treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the area of practice: Internist

A

Comprehensive care for adults in office or hospital settings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the area of practice: Nephrologist

A

Treatment of kidney diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the area of practice: Oncologist

A

Diagnosis and medical treatment of malignant and benign tumors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe the area of practice: Obstetrician

A

Treatment of pregnant women; delivery of babies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the area of practice: Orthopedist

A

Surgical treatment of bone, muscle, and joint conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Describe the area of practice: Otolaryngologist

A

Surgical treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Describe the area of practice: Physiatrist

A

Treatment to restore function after illness; physical medical and rehabilitation specialist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Describe the area of practice: Pulmonologist

A

Treatment of lung diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Describe the area of practice: Radiation Oncologist

A

Treatment of disease with high-energy radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe the area of practice: Rheumatolgoist

A

Treatment of systemic diseases affecting joints and muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Describe the area of practice: Thoracic Surgeon

A

Surgery on chest organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Describe the area of practice: Urologist

A

Surgery on the urinary tract and for treatment of male reproductive disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are two types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? Describe each

A

Ulcerative colitis: Confined to the colon
Crohn’s Disease: Commonly effects last part of small intestine, but can involve any area of the gastrointestinal tract

SYMPTOMS OVERLAP: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, bleeding from the rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Esthesi/o

A

Sensation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Anesthesiology (break down the word)

A

“The study of without sensation”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Ger/o

A

Old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Iatr/o

A

Treatment (by a physician OR with medicines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Iatrogenic

A

“Pertaining to new production”; An iatrogenic illness is produced adversely and unexpectedly by a treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

The presence of malignant cells in lymph nodes (glands)

41
Q

What four areas are lymph nodes predominantly found?

A
  1. Axillary
  2. Inguinal
  3. Cervical (neck)
  4. Mediastinal
42
Q

Nephrostomy

A

“Incision in kidney”; when a catheter is inserted into the kidney for drainage of fluid

43
Q

Nos/o

A

Disease

44
Q

Nosocomial

A

A nosocomial infection is acquired during hospitalization

45
Q

Comi/o

A

Care for

46
Q

Obstetr/o

A

Midwife

47
Q

Obstetric

A

Pertaining to midwife

48
Q

Odont/o

A

Tooth

49
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

50
Q

Orthodontist

A

Literally means Specialist of straight teeth

51
Q

Onc/o

A

Tumor

52
Q

Oncogenic

A

“Pertaining to new tumor”; oncogenic viruses give rise to tumors

53
Q

Opt/o

A

Eye

54
Q

Metr/o

A

Measure

55
Q

What is the difference between an ophthalmologist, optometrist, and optician?

A

OPHTHALMOLOGIST: Specialist in the diagnosis and treatment (including surgical) of eye disorders

OPTOMETRIST: Specialist in the examination of the eye; can prescribe corrective lenses but CANNOT treat eye diseases

OPTICIAN: Specialist in the grinding and fitting of lenses that CAN treat eye diseases

56
Q

Optic/o

A

Eyes

57
Q

Optician

A

Opticians grind lenses and fit glasses, and mat treat eye diseases

58
Q

Ped/o

A

Child

59
Q

Orthopedist

A

IN THE PAST orthopedists were concerned with straightening bone deformities in children. Today they treat bone, muscle, and joint disorders in adults as well.

60
Q

Peridontist

A

“Specialist of surrounding teeth” (gums)

61
Q

Endodontist

A

Dental specialist who can do root canal therapy

62
Q

Pedodontist

A

Dental specialist for children

63
Q

Prosth/o

A

Artificial replacement

64
Q

Prosthodontist

A

Dental specialist of replacing missing teeth with artificial teeth

65
Q

What is the difference between radiation and radiotherapy? Describe each.

A

They are the same! The radiotherapy machine is a large machine with a linear accelerator. The patient is positioned under this accelerator.

66
Q

-cele

A

Hernia or protrusion

67
Q

Rectocele

A

Hernia of the rectum into the vagina

68
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

A chronic inflammatory disease of joints and connective tissues that leads to deformation of the joints

69
Q

What is the difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis?

A

RA: typically appears in young patients (usually women) and has an autoimmune component.
OA: Often appears in older individuals and is marked by degenerative changes that cause destruction of the joint space

70
Q

Vasculitis

A

Inflammation of the blood vessels

71
Q

Angina

A

Condition of sharp pain and loss of blood flow to the heart

72
Q

Angi/o

A

Blood vessel

73
Q

Coronary angiogram

A

X-ray of blood vessels surrounding the heart

74
Q

Spasm

A

Involuntary, sudden muscle contraction

75
Q

Acute myocardial ischemia

A

Sudden decrease of blood flow to the heart

76
Q

Ventricular arrhythmia

A

Abnormal heart rhythm originating in the lower chambers of the heart

77
Q

Venule

A

Small vein

78
Q

Diuretic

A

“Pertaining to through urine”; drug used to release excess water

79
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Drug preventing clotting

80
Q

What is the difference between a sonogram and ultrasound?

A

They are essentially two parts of the same picture.

SONOGRAM: Record of sound waves after they bounce off organs of the body—in other words, it’s the product of an an ultrasound.

ULTRASOUND: Sound waves with GREATER frequency than can be heard by the human ear are used to detect abnormalities by beaming these waves into the body and recording the echoes that reflect off the tissues; in other words, it’s the procedure that produces the sonogram.

81
Q

Needle biopsy

A

Removal of living tissue for microscopic examination by inserting a hollow needle through the skin

82
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

Malignant tumor of the lymph nodes

83
Q

What is the difference between chemotherapy and radiotherapy?

A

CHEMOTHERAPY: Treatment with drugs. Most often used in the treatment of cancer.

RADIOTHERAPY: Treatment of cancer with high-energy X-rays or particles

84
Q

Fatigue

A

State of exhaustion or loss of strength

85
Q

Renal calculus

A

Kidney stone

86
Q

Lithotripsy

A

Process of crushing stone in the urinary tract using ultrasonic vibrations.

Also called extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (EWSL)

87
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Painful digestion

88
Q

-pepsia

A

Digestion

89
Q

Upper GI series

A

Barium is swallowed and X-ray images are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

90
Q

Ulcer

A

Sore or defect in the surface of an organ; destruction of tissue

91
Q

Posteroanterior

A

Pertaining to the direction from back to front

92
Q

Hilum

A

Depression at the part of an organ where the blood vessels and nerves enter

93
Q

Fixation

A

A holding of, sewing, or fastening a part in a fixed position

94
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal passageway from an internal organ to the body surface or between two internal organs

95
Q

Chronic renal failure

A

Recurring condition in which kidneys no longer function

96
Q

Ateriovenus fistula

A

Abnormal connection between artery and vein

97
Q

Unilateral frontal cephalagia

A

Headache occurring in one side of the frontal lobe

98
Q

Migraine

A

Headache, usually on one side of the head, accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light.

99
Q

Scotoma

A

Defect in vision in a defined area (blind spot)

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions