Chapter 5 - Macromolecules Vocab

Question 1

Macromolecule

Answer 1

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic acids

These four molecules make up the bulk of living organisms

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Long chain of similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds

Question 3

Monomer

Answer 3

Smaller molecule that constitute the building blocks for polymers

Question 4

Dehydration

Answer 4

The process by which two monomers are bonded together to form a polymer
Each monomer donates part of a water molecule

Question 5

Hydrolysis

Answer 5

The process by which polymers can be broken down into monomers
Results from water being added to a polymer

Question 6

Carbohydrate

Answer 6

Consist of simple or complex sugars

Question 7

Monosaccharide

Answer 7

Simple sugars
Monomers of carbohydrates
Example: glucose

Question 8

Polysaccharides

Answer 8

Polymer of carbohydrates
Several monosaccharides linked together
Fuel storage
Plant storage = starch
Animal storage = glycogen
Structural support
Cellulose (plants)
Chitin (animals)

Question 9

Lipids

Answer 9

Not true polymers
Don’t have monomer units
Much smaller
Mix poorly with water
Common trait
Consist mostly of hydrocarbons
Several forms
Waxes, pigments, fats, phospolipids, steriods

Question 10

Primary Protein Structure

Answer 10

Arrangement of Amino Acids

Question 11

Secondary Protein Structure

Answer 11

Twists and folds of polypeptide

Determined by Amino Acids arrangement

Question 12

Tertiary Protein Structure

Answer 12

3D shape of the protein

Question 13

Quaternary Protein Structure

Answer 13

Two or more proteins

Question 14

Gene

Answer 14

Specific sequence of DNA that codes for the production of a protein
Determines the arrangement of amino acids

Question 15

DNA

Answer 15

(deoxyribonucleic acid)

Double stranded nucleic acid

Question 16

RNA

Answer 16

(ribonucleic acid)

Single stranded nucleic acid

Question 17

Chromosomes

Answer 17

carries >100 genes

Human cells = 46 chromosomes

Question 18

Ribosomes

Answer 18

Site of protein production

Found in cytoplasm

Question 19

Polynucleotide

Answer 19

Polymer form of nucleic acids (DNA)
Chromosomes
Compacted DNA strand that carries genetic information

Question 20

Nucleotide

Answer 20

(Monomer)
Nitrogenous base
5-carbon sugar
Phosphate group

Question 21

Nucleic Acids

Answer 21

Store and transmit genetic information

Question 22

Pyrimidine

Answer 22

Cytosine (C) – RNA/DNA
Thymine (T) – DNA only
Uracil (U) – RNA only

Question 23

Purines

Answer 23

Adenine (A) - RNA/DNA

Guanine (G) - RNA/DNA

Question 24

Antiparallel

Answer 24

Base pairing allows for self replication
Example: 5’ AAGCTATAC 3’
3’ TTCGATATG 5’

Question 25

Fatty Acids

Answer 25

long hydrocarbon
Nonpolar molecules
Neutral charge

Question 26

Saturated Fats

Answer 26

No double bonding between C
Only 1 electron is shared (single bond)
Maximum H allowed
Bad For You

Question 27

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 27

Possess some double bonds between C
Results in a kink
Prevents solidifying

Question 28

Phospholipids

Answer 28

Main component of cell membranes
Similar to fat molecules
Only has 2 fatty acid tails

Question 29

Steroids

Answer 29

4 Fused rings
Hormones
Sex hormones
Testosterone 
estrogen
Cholesterol
Found in cell membrane