Chapter 5 Key Terms Flashcards

1
Q

a belief that the government has any power not forbidden by the constitution.

A

Loose Construction

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2
Q

a belief that the government is limited to powers clearly stated in the constitution.

A

Strict Construction

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3
Q

a 1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the federal excise tax on whiskey

A

Whiskey Rebellion

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4
Q

a 1794 battle in which federal troops defeated the Miami Confederacy of American Indians

A

Battle of Fallen Timber

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5
Q

a diplomatic controversy in 1798 in which French officials demanded bribes of American negotiators.

A

XYZ Affair

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6
Q

state resolutions passed in 1798 declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional.

A

Virginia & Kentucky resolution

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7
Q

an official ban or restriction on trade.

A

Embargo

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8
Q

the 1803 Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review

A

Marbury vs. Madison

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9
Q

a war between the Barbary States and the United States

A

Barbary War

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10
Q

the 1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

A

Louisiana Purchase

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11
Q

war of 1812 battle when the United States defeated the British in January of 1815

A

Battle of New Orleans

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12
Q

an 1894 agreement that ended the War of 1812

A

Treaty of Ghent

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13
Q

Members of Congress who pushed for war against Great Britain in the years leading up to the War of 1812.

A

War Hawks

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14
Q

an 1814 meeting of Federalists from New England who opposed the War of 1812 and demanded constitutional amendments to empower the region.

A

Hartford Convention

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15
Q

a canal completed in 1825 that connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River

A

Erie Canal

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16
Q

a road that requires users to pay a toll

A

Turnpikes

17
Q

a road by the federal government in the early 1800s that extended from Maryland to Illinois

A

National Roads

18
Q

a machine invented in 1793 to separate the cotton fiber from its hard shell

A

Cotton gin

19
Q

a person who favors native-born inhabitants over immigrants

A

Nativists

20
Q

a protective tariff established by Congress to encourage Americans to buy goods made in the United States.

A

Tariff of 1816

21
Q

Loyalty and devotion to one’s nation.

A

Nationalism

22
Q

a foreign policy doctrine set forth by President Monroe in 1823 that discouraged European intervention in the Western Hemisphere.

A

Monroe Doctrine

23
Q

an 1820 agreement calling for the admission of Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, and banning slavery in the Louisiana Purchase north of the 36℉ 30℉ N latitude

A

Missouri Compromise

24
Q

Henry Clay’s federal program designed to stimulate the economy with internal improvements and to create a self-sufficient nation.

A

American System

25
Q

a forced march of the Cherokee Indians to move west of the Mississippi in the 1830s

A

Trail of Tears

26
Q

an act passed by Congress in 1830 that allowed the federal government to negotiate land exchanges with the American Indian in the Southeast.

A

Indian Removal Act

27
Q

Members of the nationalist political party formed in 1832 in opposition to the democrats

A

Whigs

28
Q

A closed meeting of party members for the purpose of choosing a candidate.

A

Caucus

29
Q

the Practice of the political party in power giving jobs and appointments to its supporters, rather than to people based on their qualifications.

A

Spoils System

30
Q

a theory that states that states could nullify, or void, any federal law they deemed unconstitutional.

A

Nullification

31
Q

Andrew Jackson and his followers’ philosophy concerned with the interests of the common people and limiting the role of the federal government

A

Jacksonian Democracy