Ch. 6-7 Vocabulary Flashcards
the 19th-century doctrine that westward expansion of the United States was not only inevitable but a God-given right.
Manifest Destiny
a trail developed by traders in the mid-1800s, connecting Independence, Missouri, to Santa Fe, New Mexico
Santa Fe Trail
American trappers who explored the Rocky Mountains area in the early 1800s
Mountain Men
A trail from Independence, Missouri, to Oregon that was used by pioneers in the mid-1800s.
Oregon Trail
The 1851 treaty that restricted American Indians to specific areas away from the major trails.
Treaty of Fort Laramie
The fortified former mission in San Antonio that was the site of 1836 defeat and slaughter of Texans by Mexican troops
Alamo
the 1848 treaty ending the Mexican-American War.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
the 1853 purchase of land (present-day Arizona and New Mexico) from Mexico.
Gadsden Purchase
the use of metal pans, picks, and shovels to harvest gold from the banks and beds of rivers and streams
Placer Mining
the use of water to erode gravel hills into long sluices to catch any gold
Hydraulic Mining
a preacher who works to renew the importance of religion in American life
Revivalists
member of the religion which believes that God is a single divine being rather than a trinity
Unitarians
member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which was organized in 1830 by Joseph Smith
Mormons
a person who has been freed from slavery
Freedman
a rule lasting from 1836 to 1844 that banned debate about slavery in Congress
Gag Rule
a principle in which the people are the only source of government power
Sovereignty
to withdraw formally from a membership in a group or an organization
Secede
an antislavery political party in the mid-1800s
Free-Soil Party
a system that existed before the Civil War in which African American and white abolitionists helped escaped slaves travel to safe areas in the North and in Canada
Underground Railroad
a law that required all citizens to aid in apprehending runaway slaves; a part of the Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
an 1854 law that divided the Nebraska Territory into Kansas and Nebraska, giving each territory the right to decide whether or not to allow slavery
Kansas-Nebraska Act
during the Civil War, a state that allowed slavery but remained in the Union: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri
Border States
a military tactic in which a navy prevents vessels from entering or leaving its enemy’s ports
Blockade
an 1862 Civil War battle in which 23,000 troops were killed or wounded in one day, won by the Union
Antietam
supplies captured from an enemy during wartime
Contraband
the 1865 constitutional amendment that abolished slavery in the United States
13th Amendment
a military strategy in which an army attacks not only enemy troops but also the economic and civilian resources that support them
Total War
a military tactic in which an enemy is surrounded and all supplies are cut off in an attempt to force a surrender
Siege
a speech by President Lincoln in which he dedicated a national cemetery at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and reaffirmed the ideas for which the Union was fighting the Civil War; delivered November 19, 1863
Gettysburg Address
an 1862 law that allowed African American soldiers to serve in the Union military
Militia Act
a certificate bought from the government that promises to pay the holder back the purchase amount plus interest at a future date
Bonds
an 1862 law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens willing to live on and cultivate it for five years
Homestead Act
