Ch. 6; 1-4 quiz

Question 1

Spanish settlers spread into new mexico, texas, and california.
The settlers set up ranches, missions, and these military forts

Answer 1

presidios

Question 2

Father blank is known for a line of missions that were successful in California. His missions there were more successful than those in New Mexico and Texas.

Answer 2

Junipere Sierra

Question 3

people who believed that America should expand and own all of North America

Answer 3

expansionists

Question 4

Belief that It was a God given right for America to own all of North America.

Answer 4

Manifest Destiny

Question 5

worked as fur traders; explored rocky mountains and established new trails.

Answer 5

Mountain Men

Question 6

Popular trail American settlers used to travel west

Answer 6

Oregon trial`

Question 7

went West to escape persecution.

Answer 7

Mormons

Question 8

leader of Mormons

Answer 8

Brigham Young

Question 9

Treaty in 1851,this treaty bounded indians to territories away from the major trails so they wouldn’t harm travelers

Answer 9

treaty of Fort Laramie

Question 10

small Hispanic population that lived in and defended Texas

Answer 10

Tejanos

Question 11

was part of Mexico, a providence.

offered abundant fertile land

Answer 11

Texas

Question 12

Mexico agreed to allow US settlers in Texas. In return for cheap land grants, Americans had to

Answer 12

become Mexican citizens and to worship as Roman Catholics and to accept Mexican constitution which banned slavery.

Question 13

led American emigrants east to San Antonio and found the town of Austin

Answer 13

Stephen F. Austin

Question 14

By 1835, texas had 30,000 American settlers known as

Answer 14

Anglo-Texans

Question 15

In 1834, general blank seized power in Mexico City.

Answer 15

Antonio López de Santa Anna

Question 16

the Texans declared their independence and adopted a republican constitution.
Their new nation became known as the blank because of the single star on its flag.

Answer 16

Lone Star Republic

Question 17

To crush the rebellion, Santa Anna led his army north into Texas. In March 1836, his forces attacked the small Texan garrison at the blank, a fortified former mission in San Antonio.

Answer 17

Alamo

Question 18

2 victims of the Alamo

Answer 18

Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett

Question 19

Led by blank, the Texans drew Santa Anna eastward into a trap.In April, they surprised and crushed the Mexican army at the Battle of San Jacinto.

Answer 19

Sam Houston

Question 20

Santa Anna signed a treaty recognizing Texan independence. He conceded generous boundaries that stretched the new republic south and west to the

Answer 20

Rio Grande. On paper, Texas even got half of New Mexico, including its capital of Santa Fe.

Question 21

Texans elected as their first president.

Answer 21

Sam Houston

Question 22

Sam Houston quickly asked the United States to annex Texas. Blank representatives balked at adding another slave state, especially one so big and potentially powerful.

Answer 22

North

Question 23

Houston tried to pressure Congress by pretending to consider joining the

Answer 23

British

Question 24

Southern expansionists supported blank of Tennessee. A Jacksonian Democrat and a slaveholder, He devoutly believed in Manifest Destiny. Whig candidate Henry Clay opposed annexation.

Answer 24

James K. Polk

Question 25

Polk reasoned that northerners would accept the annexation of Texas if they got their own prize. He promised them the

Answer 25

Oregon Territory

Question 26

Polk threatened to go to war with if it did not concede all of Oregon. Polk’s vow to obtain both Texas and Oregon helped him win a decisive electoral victory.

Answer 26

Britain

Question 27

Instead, in June 1846 Polk compromised with the British, agreeing to split the Oregon Territory at the 49th parallel of latitude. The United States got the future states of

Answer 27

Washington, Oregon, and Idaho

Question 28

Polk endorsed the Texan claim to the land south and west of the Nueces River as far as the Rio Grande. This claim tripled the traditional size of Texas..Polk sent American troops led by General blank to occupy the contested borderland between the two rivers.

Answer 28

Zachary Taylor

Question 29

Who was in favor of war with Mexico and who was not?

Answer 29

favor: Democrats from South. Not: Northern Whigs

Question 30

Name U.S. advantages against Mexico

Answer 30

It was much larger, wealthier, and more populous than Mexico.
The Mexicans lacked the industries that so quickly and abundantly supplied the Americans with arms and ammunition. The Americans also had a larger and better navy and more advanced artillery. Above all, the United States enjoyed superb officers,

Question 31

Generals blank and blank received exceptional support from their junior officers

Answer 31

Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott

Question 32

In September 1847, Scott captured blank. After little more than a year and a half of fighting, the Mexican-American War had ended in a thorough American victory.

Answer 32

Mexico City.

Question 33

In February 1848, the defeated Mexicans made peace with the Americans. forced Mexico to give up the northern third of their country

Answer 33

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Question 34

Polk blamed his negotiator, blank, for settling for too little.

Answer 34

Nicholas Trist

Question 35

In the blank of 1853, the United States obtained from Mexico another 29,640 square miles in southern Arizona and New Mexico.

Answer 35

Gadsden Purchase

Question 36

The new lands comprised

Answer 36

present-day New Mexico, California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and half of Colorado.`

Question 37

In 1846, Whig congressman David Wilmot of Pennsylvania had proposed a law, , that would ban slavery in any lands won from Mexico

Answer 37

known as the Wilmot Proviso

Question 38

The proposal broke party unity and instead divided Congress largely along sectional lines. Most joined all northern Whigs to support the Wilmot Proviso. joined southern Whigs in opposition.

Answer 38

Northern Democrats, Southern Democrats

Question 39

in early 1848, workers at sawmill found flecks of gold in the American River east of Sacramento, California.

Answer 39

John Sutter’s

Question 40

In a mass migration known as the , some 80,000 fortune seekers headed for California in search of easy riches

Answer 40

California Gold Rush

Question 41

This mass migration grew particularly strong in 1849. About half of these traveled by land trails.

Answer 41

forty-niners

Question 42

This gold rush attracted people from

Answer 42

China, around the Pacific Rim. Many fortune seekers came from South America, especially Peru and Chile

Question 43

the miners used cheap metal pans, picks, and shovels to harvest gold flecks from the sand along the banks and bottoms of rivers and streams. This process was known as

Answer 43

placer mining.

Question 44

Another method, , employed jets of water to erode gravel hills into long lines of sluices to catch the gold.

Answer 44

hydraulic mining

Question 45

General blank quickly conquered New Mexico.

Answer 45

Stephen W. Kearny

Question 46

the U.S. Navy helped American settlers, led by explorer blank to seize control of California.

Answer 46

John C. Frémont

Question 47

Until they could legally join the United States, these rebels organized the short-lived…….. Frémont joined forces with Kearny to bring all of California under American control.

Answer 47

Bear Flag Republic

Question 48

Taylor led another army deeper into northern Mexico, seizing the city of blank in September. In February 1847, Santa Anna tried to retake the city. But Taylor’s small army defeated the more numerous Mexicans at the bloody Battle of Buena Vista.

Answer 48

Monterrey

Question 49

In March, the navy carried another American army, commanded by Winfield Scott, to the Mexican port city of

Answer 49

Veracruz

Question 50

Scott faced bitter resistance at blank, a fortress above Mexico City

Answer 50

Chapultepec

Question 51

The defenders included six young Mexican cadets—ranging in age from 13 to 19—who fought to the death. Today, Mexico honors the cadets who fell at Chapultepec as

Answer 51

Los Niños Héroes, or the Child Heroes.

Question 52

Another revival of religious feeling called the blank swept the country beginning in the early 1800s and lasted for nearly half the century

Answer 52

Second Great Awakening

Question 53

Protestant preachers started and led the Second Great Awakening. They preached that salvation was open to all, not just to an elite. These preachers were known as

Answer 53

revivalists,

Question 54

One of the most influential revivalists was former attorney blank. In passionate sermons, He dramatically proclaimed his own faith and urged his listeners to do the same.

Answer 54

Charles Grandison Finney.

Question 55

this blank style of worship, designed to elicit strong emotions and attract converts, proved highly successful

Answer 55

evangelical

Question 56

Another leading preacher was blank a Yale-educated minister. Like Finney, He became known for his fiery sermons

Answer 56

Lyman Beecher,

Question 57

In 1832, Beecher became president of the new blank. which trained more evangelical preachers to join the revival.

Answer 57

Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio,

Question 58

Many revivalists’ sermons featured the idea that the United States was leading the world into the millennium, or the thousand years of glory following the Second Coming of Jesus.
-Called blank the belief that the millennium was at hand inspired some reformers to try to ready their society by perfecting it through reform.

Answer 58

millennialism

Question 59

The blank wanted the federal government to uphold the Christian Sabbath (a special day of each week reserved for worship) as a day of rest by not allowing any business transactions or mail delivery on that day.

Answer 59

Sabbatarians

Question 60

some African Americans established their own, separate churches. Led by a former slave named Richard Allen, a group of Philadelphians formed their own church in 1787.
-African Americans in several other cities did the same. In 1816, these churches united to become the

Answer 60

African Methodist Episcopal (AME)

Question 61

n New York State, blank spoke and wrote of visions he said directed him to found a new religious group. In 1830, Smith and a few followers organized the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, whose members are commonly called the Mormons.

Answer 61

Joseph Smith

Question 62

In New England, members of several Puritan or Congregational churches began to argue that, instead of seeing God as a “Trinity,” people should see God as a single divine being—a unity. They organized themselves into a separate religious group called the blank after their belief.

Answer 62

Unitarians,

Question 63

Members of the Roman Catholic Church faced particularly harsh discrimination in the early 1800s. Many Protestants viewed Catholicism as incompatible with American ideals of democracy.
They believed that Catholics would choose loyalty to the blank the leader of the Roman Catholic Church, over loyalty to the United States.

Answer 63

Pope

Question 64

Because Irish immigrants arrived in increasingly large numbers, many feared they were growing too powerful. Those who opposed Catholic immigrants were known as

Answer 64

nativists

Question 65

blank people also faced discrimination. Until late in the nineteenth century, state constitutions, from New England to the South, required public officials to be Christians, sometimes specifically Protestant.

Answer 65

Jewish

Question 66

dozens of groups of Americans sought to improve their lives in a unique way.
-They chose to distance themselves from society by setting up communities based on unusual ways of sharing property, labor, and family life.
These settlements came to be called

Answer 66

utopian communities, or utopias,

Question 67

Two well-known utopian communities were

Answer 67

New Harmony, in Indiana, and Brook Farm, near Boston

Question 68

Another group that set up a chain of separate communal living societies was the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, more commonly known as the

Answer 68

Shakers

Question 69

In New England, a group known as the blank developed a new way to look at humanity, nature, and God, and the relationship among them.
They were called this because they believed that people could transcend, or go beyond, logic or tradition in order to reach the deepest truths. They believed that individuals should listen to nature and to their own consciences

Answer 69

Transcendentalists

Question 70

a former Unitarian minister, was the leading Transcendentalist. He celebrated the interplay between the individual and the universe in sermons, essays, and poems.

Answer 70

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 71

Emerson gathered a group of men and women who met regularly in his Concord, Massachusetts, home to read and talk about ways to develop a rich spiritual life for individuals and for society. They published their ideas in their magazine,

Answer 71

The Dial

Question 72

One of Emerson’s most important followers was blank
In 1846, He was jailed after refusing to pay taxes to support the Mexican-American War, which he viewed as immoral.
He explained his thinking in a landmark essay, “Civil Disobedience,

Answer 72

Henry David Thoreau.

Question 73

Since colonial times, most American children had been taught at home by their parents. Some communities established schools. blank created by Noah Webster in the 1780s, remained the most popular schoolbook.

Answer 73

The American Spelling Book

Question 74

Reformers who led the blank also called the common school movement, sought to establish such a system of tax-supported public schools. They argued that expanding education would give Americans the knowledge and intellectual tools they needed to make decisions as citizens of a democracy.

Answer 74

public school movement

Question 75

One of the greatest school reformers was blnk. He grew up poor and had firsthand experience with inadequate schooling. He never forgot his humble beginnings, which inspired him to work to provide all children with a better education than he had received.

Answer 75

Horace Mann.

Question 76

blank, a daughter of evangelical preacher Lyman Beecher, and blank established schools for women in Connecticut, Ohio, and New York

Answer 76

Catharine Beecher, Emma Willard

Question 77

helped to establish medical training for women by the 1850s.

Answer 77

Elizabeth Blackwell and Ann Preston

Question 78

Americans who had little or no voice in how they were treated were of special concern to many reformers. imprisoned, mentally ill, women.
One reformer who turned her religious ideals into action was

Answer 78

Dorothea Dix.

Question 79

he prison reform movement is thus sometimes called the

Answer 79

penitentiary movement.

Question 80

Two types of penitentiaries were proposed by reformers.

Answer 80

The Pennsylvania System, Auburn Prison, in Central New York, in the 1820s.

Question 81

In response, reformers launched the blank, an effort to end alcohol abuse and the problems created by it. Temperance means drinking alcoholic beverages in moderation

Answer 81

temperance movement

Question 82

However, the temperance movement had real success only when the reformers won changes in the law. blank who earned a worldwide reputation for his lectures on alcohol abuse, became mayor of Portland, Maine, in 1851.

Answer 82

Neal Dow