Chapter 5 Key Terms Flashcards
Spanish conquistador who led the expedition that conquered the Aztec Empire in modern Mexico.
Hernan Cortez
The devastating demographic impact of European-born epidemic diseases on the Americas; up to 90% of the pre-Columbian population died.
Great Dying
A period of unusually cool temperatures from the 13th-19th centuries, most prominently in the Northern Hemisphere.
Little Ice Age
Near record cold winters experienced in much of China, Europe, and North America in the mid-11th century, sparked by the Little Ice Age; led to famines, uprisings, and wars.
General Crisis
Enormous network of transatlantic communities, migration, trade, and the transfer of diseases, plants, and animals; began in the period of European exploration and colonization of the Americas.
Colombian Exchange
Economic theory that governments served their countries’ economic interests best by encouraging exports and accumulating bullion (precious metals); helped fuel European colonialism.
Mercantilism
The mixed-race population of Spanish colonial societies in the Americas, most prominently the product of unions between Spanish men and Indigenous women.
Mestizo
People of mixed African and European blood in Spanish colonial societies.
Mulattoes
Imperial territories in which Europeans settled permanently in substantial numbers; reference to British colonies of North America.
Settler Colonies
Christian state centered on Moscow that emerged from centuries of expansion.
Russian Empire
Tribute that Russian rulers demanded from the native peoples of Siberia, most often in the form of furs.
Yasak
Growth of the Qing dynasty during the 17th and 18th centuries into a central Asian empire that added a small but important minority of non-Chinese people to the empire’s population.
Qing Expansion
A successful state founded by Mustim Turkic partners that ruled India between 1526 and 1707, noted for efforts to create relative political unity among Hindus and Muslims.
Mughal Empire
The most famous emperor of India’s Mughal Empire, known for his policies of religious tolerance and inclusion.
Akbar
A Mughal emperor who reversed his predecessors’ policies of religious tolerance and attempted to impose Islamic supremacy.
Aurangzeb
A major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that ruled from the 14th to the early 20th century.
Ottoman Empire
The practice of Ottoman Empire’s Christian subjects being recruited and trained for service in civil administration or elite Janissary infantry corps; “collecting or gathering”
Devshirme
