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OSI Ignacio > Chapter 5: Intraoral Radiographic Imaging > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Intraoral Radiographic Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

The 3 categories of radiographic imaging are?

A

BOP
- bitewing
- occlusal
- periapical

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2
Q

Bitewing projection?

A

Crowns of all teeth and adjacent alveolar crest

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3
Q

Occlusal projection?

A

Area of teeth and bone larger than Periapical

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4
Q

Periapical projection?

A

All of a tooth and the surrounding bone

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5
Q

Criteria of quality for intraoral radiographic imaging:

A
  1. Record the complete areas of interest
  2. Reduce the amount of distortion
  3. Optimal density and contrast
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6
Q

General steps of periapical projection technique:

A
  • prepare the unit
  • seat the patient: upright, lead apron
  • adjust xray settings: ET, mA, kVp
  • examine oral cavity
  • position tube head and reception and X-ray tube
  • make the exposure
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7
Q

What to expect from the periapical projection technique:

A

Teeth
Periodontal areas
Surrounding bone
Bone

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8
Q

Periapcial indications:

A

Assessment of the tooth and bone alterations
Study and location of bone areas
Implant assessment

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9
Q

What are the two techniques of periapical projection:

A
  • bisecting angle and paralleling technique
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10
Q

Paralleling technique:

A

Film is parallel to the long axis of the tooth and the xray beam is perpendicular to the film and the long axis of the tooth

  • Increase the distance between xray source and object to minimise the magnification of the image
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11
Q

Other names for the paralleling technique:

A
  • mc cormack
  • right angle
  • long cone
    RML
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12
Q

Advantages of the paralleling technique:

A
  • less distortion
  • high resolution
  • high accuracy
    HARAD
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13
Q

Closer to the area of interest, shorter cone, film is placed on the palate, patient will hold the film, form a triangle: these statements are referring to which periapical technique

A

Bisecting angle technique

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14
Q

The bisecting angle technique is also called:

A
  • dieck
  • cieszynski
  • short cone
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15
Q

What is the bisecting angle technique based on?

A

Cieszynski’s rule of isometry: two triangles are equal if they share one complete side and have 2 equal angles

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16
Q

Where is the receptor positioned in the bisecting angle technique:

A

On the lingual surface of the teeth resting in the palate or floor of the mouth

17
Q

Bisecting angle technique:

A

Long axis of the tooth and receptor form an angle and an imaginary line bisects that angle, and the xray beam is projected at a right angle to that bisecting line

18
Q

Which of the 2 Periapical techniques is: most common, simple, has a higher deformation?

A

Bisecting angle technique

19
Q

Positioning of the patient in the bisecting angle technique:

A
  • comfortable, stable, leaning against the chair
  • maxillary images: upright with sagittal plane vertical and occlusal horizontal
  • mandibular images: tilted slightly to compensate for the change occlusal plane when mouth is open
20
Q

Do you place the receptor in front of or behind the area of interest in the BAT?

A

Behind

21
Q

Angulation of the tube head in the BAT?

A
  • vertical angulation
  • horizontal angulation
22
Q

Vertical angulation: maxilla

A

Incisors: 40
Canines: 45
PM: 30
M: 25
CIPM
* remember for dental anatomy that canines have the most angulation in the dental arch

23
Q

Vertical angulation: mandible

A

Incisors: -15
Canines: -20
PM: -10
M: -5

CIPM

24
Q

Horizontal angulation:

A

Perpendicular to bisector

25
Q

Advantages of Periapcial projection:

A

Non complex technique
Low cost
Sharpness

26
Q

Disadvantages of Periapical technique

A

Limited area
Bidimensional image
Overlapping
Ineffective in edentulism

27
Q

Which Radiographic technique is indicated for caries diagnosis?

A

Bitewing

28
Q

Indications of bitewing projections:

A
  • occlusal and inter proximal caries detection
  • recurrent caries
  • pulpal problems
  • overflowing restorations
  • fixed prosthesis adjustments
  • enamel cementum junction
  • alveolar crest
  • Inter proximal calculus deposits
29
Q

Positioning of the patient’s head in bite wing projection:

A

Occlusal plane parallel to the floor

30
Q

Receptor placement in bitewing projection:

A
  • dont bend
  • comfortable position lingual to the teeth to be examined
  • bitewing between occlusal surfaces
  • posterior edge distal to 2nd molar
31
Q

Vertical angulation of the bitewing projection

A

5-10 degrees palatal anatomy

32
Q

Horizontal angulation of the bitewing projection:

A

Perpendicular to the dental arch

33
Q

Which of the X-ray projection techniques uses a large receptor

A

Occlusal

34
Q

Indications of occlusal projections:

A
  • dental trauma in anterior teeth
  • mandibular fracture
  • foreign bodies
  • impacted teeth
  • cortical bone enlargement
  • calculus in warton’s duct
  • assessment of the buccal or lingual position of impacted teeth
35
Q

Orthogonal projection: xray beam perpendicular to the

A

Film

36
Q

Contraindications of xray projections?

A
  • infection/trauma
  • mental and physical disabilities
  • gag reflex
  • pregnancy
  • edentulous patients

OSI Ignacio (10 decks)

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