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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Integumentary System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Integumentary system

A

Skin and its accessories (hair, nails, glands) make up the system

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1
Q

Integument

A

Largest organ of the body

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2
Q

Androgen

A

Generic term for an agent that stimulates development of male characteristics

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3
Q

Ductule

A

Very small duct

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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

State in which the regulatory mechanisms of the body maintain an internal environment within tolerable levels, despite changes in the external environments

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5
Q

Synthesize

A

Forming a complex substance by the union of simpler compounds or elements

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6
Q

What does skin synthesize

A

Vitamin d

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7
Q

Epidermis

A

Outer layer is relatively thin but thickest on palms and soles

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8
Q

What are the the sub layers of the epidermis?

A

Strata, stratum corneum, and basal layer

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9
Q

Keratin

A

Hard protein material and prevents body fluids from evaporating and moisture from entering the body

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10
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cells produce a black pigment called melanin

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11
Q

Melanin

A

Black pigment that provides a protective barrier from the damaging effects of the suns uv radiation

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12
Q

Albino

A

Individual who can’t produce melanin

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13
Q

Dermis / corium

A

Second layer of skin underneath the epidermis composed of living tissue and contains numerous capillaries, lymphatic vessels, and nerve endings

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14
Q

Sebaceous

A

Oil glands

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15
Q

Sudoriferous

A

Sweat glands

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16
Q

Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)

A

Binds dermis to underlying structures and is composed of loose connective tissue and adipose (fat) tissue interlaced with blood vessels

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17
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete substances through ducts to an outer surface of the body rather directly into the bloodstream

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18
Q

Axillae

A

Armpits

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19
Q

Sebum

A

Oily secretion that is acidic enough to destroy harmful organisms on the skin

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20
Q

Hair shaft

A

Visible part of the hair

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21
Q

Hair root

A

Part of the hair that is embedded in the dermis

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22
Q

Hair follicle

A

The hair root and it’s coverings

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23
Q

Papilla

A

Bottom of the follicle is a loop of capillaries enclosed in a covering

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24
Q

Nail root

A

Where the nail is formed and is composed of keratinized, stratified, squamous epithelial cells producing a very tough covering

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25
Q

Nails bed

A

Nail is attached and slides forward over the layer of epithelium

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26
Q

Nail body

A

Pink because of underlying vascular tissue

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27
Q

Lunula

A

Half moon shaped area at the base of the nail is the region where new growth occurs

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28
Q

Steat

A

Fat

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29
Q

Hidr

A

Sweat

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30
Q

Sudor

A

Sweat

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31
Q

Ichthy

A

Dry, scaly

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32
Q

Kerat

A

Hard tissue

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33
Q

Myc

A

Fungus

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34
Q

Onych

A

Nail

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35
Q

Ungu

A

Nail

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36
Q

Pil

A

Hair

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37
Q

Trich

A

Hair

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38
Q

Squam

A

Scale

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39
Q

Xen

A

Foreign

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40
Q

Xer

A

Dry

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41
Q

Dermatology

A

Medical speciality concerned with diseases that directly affect the skin and systematic diseases that manifest their effects on the skin

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42
Q

Lesions

A

Areas of tissue that have been pathologically altered by injury, wound, or infection

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43
Q

Primary skin lesions

A

Initial reaction to pathologically altered tissue and may be flat or elevated

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44
Q

Secondary skin lesions

A

Changed that take place in the primary lesions die to infection, scratching, trauma, or various stages of disease

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45
Q

First degree (superficial) burns

A

Least serious type of burn because they injure only the top layers of skin, epidermis

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46
Q

Thermal burn

A

Burn caused by brief contact with dry or moist heat

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47
Q

Chemical burn

A

Burn caused by exposure to chemicals

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48
Q

Sunburn

A

Burn caused by spending too much time in the sun

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49
Q

Erythema

A

Skin redness

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50
Q

Hyperesthesia

A

Acute sensitivity to sensory stimuli as touch, heat, or cold

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51
Q

Second degree (partial thickness) burns

A

Deep burns that damage the epidermis and part of the dermis

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52
Q

Vesicles/bullae

A

Fluid filled blisters

53
Q

Third degree (full thickness) burns

A

Epidermis and dermis are destroyed and some of the underlying connective tissue is damaged leaving the skin waxy and charred with insensitivity to touch

54
Q

Dermatoplasty

A

Skin grafting

55
Q

Neoplasms

A

Abnormal growths of new tissue that are classified as benign or malignant

56
Q

Benign neoplasms

A

Noncancerous growths composed of the same type of cells as the tissue in which they are growing

57
Q

Malignant neoplasms (cancer)

A

Composed of cells that tend to become invasive and spread to remote regions of the body

58
Q

Immunotherapy/ biotherapy

A

New treatment that stimulates the body’s own immune defenses to fight tumor cells

59
Q

Rule of nines

A

Formula for rest imaging the percentage of adult body surface area affected by burns

60
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread to remote regions of the body

61
Q

Combined modality treatment

A

Example: radiation and biotherapy

62
Q

Grading

A

Cells from the tumor site are evaluated to determine the degree of loss of cellular differentiation and function

63
Q

Grade 1

A

Tumor cells well differentiated

64
Q

Grade 2

A

Tumor cells moderately or poorly differentiated

65
Q

Grade 3

A

Tumor cells poorly differentiated

66
Q

Grade 4

A

Tumor cells very poorly differentiated

67
Q

Tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system

A

System that allows comparison of stats among cancer centers

68
Q

T

A

Size and invasiveness of primary tumor

69
Q

N

A

Area lymph nodes involved

70
Q

M

A

Invasiveness of the primary tumor

71
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common type of skin cancer and is a malignancy of the basal layer of the epidermis or hair follicles

72
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Invasive tumor with potential for metastasis and occurs most commonly in fair skinned old white men

73
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Malignant growth of melanocytes

74
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of pus at the site of an infection

75
Q

Two types of squamous cell carcinoma

A

In situ and invasive

76
Q

Acne

A

Inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin with characteristic lesion that includes blackheads, inflammatory papules, nodules, and cysts and usually associated with seborrhea

77
Q

Alopecia

A

Partial or complete loss of hair resulting from normal aging, an endocrine disorder, drug reaction, anticancer medication, or a skin disease

78
Q

Bowen disease

A

Form of intraepidermal carcinoma characterized by red brown scaly or crusted lesions that resemble a patch of psoriasis or dermatitis

79
Q

Cellulitis

A

Diffuse, acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue

80
Q

Chloasma

A

Pigmentary skin discoloration usually occurring in yellowish brown patches or spots

81
Q

Comedo

A

Typical small skin lesion of acne vulgaris caused by accumulation of keratin, bacteria, and dried sebum plugging an excretory duct of the skin

82
Q

Dermatomycosis

A

Infection of the skin caused by fungi

83
Q

Ecchymosis

A

Skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue black to greenish brown or yellow

84
Q

Eczema

A

Chronic inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by erythema papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, and scabs and accompanied by intense itching

85
Q

Erythema

A

Redness of the skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

86
Q

Eschar

A

Dead matter that is sloughed off from the surface of the skin, especially after a burn

87
Q

Impetigo

A

Bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

88
Q

Keratosis

A

Thickened area of epidermis or any horny growth on the skin (callus or wart)

89
Q

Lentigo

A

Small brown macules, especially on the face and arms, brought on by sun exposure, usually in a middle aged or older person

90
Q

Pallor

A

Unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin

91
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation with lice, transmitted by personal contact or common use of brushes, combs, or headgear

92
Q

Petechia

A

Minute, pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin

93
Q

Pressure ulcer

A

Inflammation, sore, or skin deterioration caused by prolonged pressure from lying in one position that prevents blood flow to the tissues, usually in elderly bedridden persons

94
Q

Pruritus

A

Intense itching

95
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic skin disease characterized by circumscribed red patches covered by thick, dry, silvery, adherent scales and caused by excessive development of the basal layer of the epidermis

96
Q

Purpura

A

Any of several bleeding disorders characterized by hemorrhage into the tissues, particularly beneath the skin or mucous membranes, producing ecchymoses or petechiae

97
Q

Scabies

A

Contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite, commonly through sexual contact

98
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal skin infection whose name commonly indicates the body part affected

99
Q

Urticaria

A

Allergic reaction of the skin characterized by the eruption of pale red, elevated patches called wheals or hives

100
Q

Verruca

A

Epidermal growth caused by a virus

101
Q

Vitiligo

A

Localized loss of skin pigments characterized by milk white patches

102
Q

Chemical peel

A

Chemical removal of the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring and general keratosis

103
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Use of subfreezing temperature to destroy or eliminate abnormal tissue, such as tumors, warts, and unwanted, cancerous, or infected tissue

104
Q

Debridement

A

Removal of necrotized tissue from a wound by surgical excision, enzymes, or chemical agents

105
Q

Dermabrasion

A

Rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper to mechanically scrape away the epidermis

106
Q

Fulguration

A

Tissue destruction by means of high frequency electric current

107
Q

Photodynamic therapy

A

Procedure in which cells selectively treated with an agent called photosensitizer are exposed to light to produce a reaction that destroys the cells

108
Q

Biopsy

A

Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination

109
Q

Frozen section

A

Ultrathin slice of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

110
Q

Needle

A

Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe

111
Q

Punch

A

Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow punch

112
Q

Shave

A

Removal of elevated lesions using a surgical blade

113
Q

Mohs

A

Layers of cancer containing skin are progressively removed and examined until only cancer free tissue remains

114
Q

Skin graft

A

Transplantation of healthy tissue to an injured site

115
Q

Allograft

A

Transplantation of healthy tissue from one person to another person

116
Q

Autograft

A

Transplantation of healthy tissue from one site to another site in the same individual

117
Q

Synthetic

A

Transplantation of artificial skin produced from collagen fibers arranged in a lattice pattern

118
Q

Xenograft

A

Transplantation from a foreign donor and transferred to a human

119
Q

Allergy skin test

A

Any test in which a suspected allergen or sensitized is applied to or injected into the skin to d’être in the patients sensitivity to it

120
Q

Intradermal

A

Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by subcutaneously injecting small amounts of extracts of the suspected allergens and observing the skin for a subsequent reaction

121
Q

Patch

A

Skin test that identifies allergic contact dermatitis by applying a suspected allergen to a patch which is then taped on the skin, usually the forearm, and observing the area 24 hours later for an allergic response

122
Q

Scratch

A

Skin test that identifies suspected allergens by placing a small quantity of the suspected allergen on a lightly scratched area of the skin

123
Q

Culture and sensitivity

A

Lab test that grows a colony of bacteria removed from an infected area in order to identify the specific infecting bacterium and then determine its sensitivity to antibiotic drugs

124
Q

Antifungals

A

Alter the cell wall of fungi or disrupt enzyme activity, resulting in cell death

125
Q

Antihistamines

A

Inhibit allergic reactions of inflammation, redness, and itching caused by the release of histamine

126
Q

Antiparasitics

A

Kills insect parasites, such as mite and lice

127
Q

Antiseptics

A

Topically applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria, this preventing infections in cuts, scratches, and surgical incisions

128
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Decrease inflammation and itching by suppressing the immune systems inflammatory response to tissue damage

129
Q

Keratolytics

A

Destroy and soften the outer layer of skin so that it is sloughed off or shed

130
Q

Protectives

A

Cover, cool, dry, or soothe inflamed skin

131
Q

Topical anesthetics

A

Block sensation of pain by numbing the skin layers and mucous membranes

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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