Chapter 4: Medical, Surgical, And Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards
Ablation
Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency.
Infusion therapy
Delivery of fluids directly into the blood stream via a vein for treating various disorders
Anastomosis
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
Cauterize
Destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat or corrosive chemicals
Curettage
Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette
Incision and drainage
Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity
Laser surgery
Use of a high intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, stop bleeding blood vessels, or for cosmetic purposes
Resection
Removal of part or all of a structure, organ, or tissue
Revision
Surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct and undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery
Assessment techniques
Sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient
Inspection
General observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas
Palpation
Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area it determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness if underlying structures.
Percussion
Tapping a structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure.
Auscultation
Listening to the Heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds
Endoscopy
Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument
Chromatin
Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleotide acids and proteins and condenses to form chromosomes
Chromosome
Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of DNA that carries hereditary info encoded in genes
How many chromosomes does each sperm/egg have?
23 chromosomes
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Molecule that holds genetic info capable of replication and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides
Diaphragm
Muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity and alternates between contracting and relaxing for the breathing process
Metabolism
Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism and includes breaking down and building up of constituents
Organelle
Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes this usually occurs at its membrane
Cytology
Study of body at a cellular level
Cytoplasm
In the cell membrane, jelly like matrix of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients
What is the largest organelle
Nucleus
Tissues
Groups of cells that perform a specialized activity
Histology
Study of tissues
Epithelial tissue
Covers surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed if cells arranges in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers
Connective tissue
Supports and connects other tissues and organs. It is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts,fat cells, and blood
Muscle tissue
Provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement
Nervous tissue
Transmits electrical impulses as it relays info throughout the entire body
Anatomical position
Body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions. Body is standing erect and the face forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward
Plane
Imaginary flat surface that divides body into two sections
Two main cavities
Dorsal and ventral
Abduction
Movement away from the midsagittal plane of the body or one of its parts
Adduction
Movement toward the midsagittal plane of the body
Medial
Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure
Lateral
Pertaining to a side
Superior
Toward the head or upper portion of a structure
Inferior
Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure
Proximal
Nearer to the center or to the point of attachment to the body
Distal
Further from the center or from the point of attachment to the body
Anterior (ventral)
Front of the body
Posterior (dorsal)
Back of the body
Parietal
Pertaining to the outer walk of the body cavity
Visceral
Pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs
Prone
Lying on the abdomen, face down
Supine
Lying horizontally on the back, face up
Inversion
Turning inward or inside out
Eversion
Turning outward
Palmar
Pertaining to the palm of the hand
Plantar
Pertaining to the sole of the foot
Superficial
Toward the surface of the body
Deep
Away from the surface of the body
Spine/ vertebral column/ backbone
Composed of series of bones called vertebrae and is formed from 26 irregular bones and connective tissue so that a curved structure results
Sections of the spine
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
Caud
Tail
Ili
Ilium (lateral flaring portion of the hip bone)
Inguin
Groin
Lumb
Loins (lower back)
Thorac
Chest
Cirrh
Yellow
Xanth
Yellow
Poli
Gray
Acr
Extremity
Eti
Cause
Idi
Unknown
Morph
Form, shape
Path
Disease
Radi
Radiation
Somat
Body
Tom
To cut
Viscer
Internal organs
Xer
Dry
Disease
When homeostasis is disrupted and cells, tissues, organs, or systems are unable to function effectively
Signs
Objective indicators that are observable
Rubella
German measles and an acute infectious disease
Symptom
Subjective indicator of disease
Etiology
Study of the cause or origin of disease or disorder
Causes of disease
Metabolic, infectious, congenital, heredity, environmental, neoplastic
Diagnosis
Establishing the cause and nature of a disease
Prognosis
Prediction of the course of a disease and it’s probable outcome
Idiopathic
Any disease whose cause is unknown
Sequelae
Some diseases, injuries, or treatments cause complications that arise directly from disease, injury, or treatment
Adhesion
Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces
Febrile
Pertaining to a fever
Gangrene
Death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction, trauma, or infection
Hernia
Protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it
Inflammation
Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function and repairs injured tissue
Mycosis
Any fungal infection in or on the body
Perforation
Hole that completely penetrates a structure
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surround the abdominal cavity and covers its organs
Rupture
Sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
Sepsis
Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence if micro organisms or their products in the bloodstream
Suppurations
Producing or associated with the generation of pus
Blood chemistry analysis
Lab test, usually performed on the serum, to evaluate various substances to determine whether they fall within a normal range
Complete blood count (CBC)
Panel of blood tests used as a broad screening test for anemias, infections, and other diseases
Organ-disease panels
Series of blood tests used to evaluate a specific organ or disease
Computed tomography (CT)
Imaging technique in which X-ray emitter rotates around the area to be scanned and a computer measures the intensity of transmitted X-rays from different angles and produces a cross sectional image
Fluoroscopy
Technique in which X-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuos motion and used to view motions of organs and placement of devices
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross sectional views of soft tissues
Nuclear scan
Technique in which a radioactive material called a tracer is introduced into the body and a specialized camera is used to produce images or organs and structures
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Computed tomography records the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
Radiography
Technique in which X-ray’s are passed through the body or area and capture in a film to generate an image
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography and a radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs
Ultrasonography (US)
High frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure
Biopsy
Removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
Excisional
Biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed
Incisional
Biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed
