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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4: Medical, Surgical, And Diagnostic Procedures > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Medical, Surgical, And Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Ablation

A

Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency.

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1
Q

Infusion therapy

A

Delivery of fluids directly into the blood stream via a vein for treating various disorders

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2
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

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3
Q

Cauterize

A

Destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat or corrosive chemicals

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4
Q

Curettage

A

Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette

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5
Q

Incision and drainage

A

Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

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6
Q

Laser surgery

A

Use of a high intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, stop bleeding blood vessels, or for cosmetic purposes

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7
Q

Resection

A

Removal of part or all of a structure, organ, or tissue

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8
Q

Revision

A

Surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct and undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery

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9
Q

Assessment techniques

A

Sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient

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10
Q

Inspection

A

General observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas

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11
Q

Palpation

A

Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area it determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness if underlying structures.

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12
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping a structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure.

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13
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to the Heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds

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14
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument

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15
Q

Chromatin

A

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleotide acids and proteins and condenses to form chromosomes

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16
Q

Chromosome

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of DNA that carries hereditary info encoded in genes

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17
Q

How many chromosomes does each sperm/egg have?

A

23 chromosomes

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18
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Molecule that holds genetic info capable of replication and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

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19
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity and alternates between contracting and relaxing for the breathing process

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20
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism and includes breaking down and building up of constituents

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21
Q

Organelle

A

Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes this usually occurs at its membrane

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22
Q

Cytology

A

Study of body at a cellular level

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23
Q

Cytoplasm

A

In the cell membrane, jelly like matrix of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients

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24
Q

What is the largest organelle

A

Nucleus

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25
Q

Tissues

A

Groups of cells that perform a specialized activity

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26
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissues

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27
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed if cells arranges in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers

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28
Q

Connective tissue

A

Supports and connects other tissues and organs. It is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts,fat cells, and blood

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29
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement

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30
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Transmits electrical impulses as it relays info throughout the entire body

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31
Q

Anatomical position

A

Body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions. Body is standing erect and the face forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward

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32
Q

Plane

A

Imaginary flat surface that divides body into two sections

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33
Q

Two main cavities

A

Dorsal and ventral

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34
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the midsagittal plane of the body or one of its parts

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35
Q

Adduction

A

Movement toward the midsagittal plane of the body

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36
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure

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37
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to a side

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38
Q

Superior

A

Toward the head or upper portion of a structure

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39
Q

Inferior

A

Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure

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40
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the center or to the point of attachment to the body

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41
Q

Distal

A

Further from the center or from the point of attachment to the body

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42
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front of the body

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43
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back of the body

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44
Q

Parietal

A

Pertaining to the outer walk of the body cavity

45
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs

46
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the abdomen, face down

47
Q

Supine

A

Lying horizontally on the back, face up

48
Q

Inversion

A

Turning inward or inside out

49
Q

Eversion

A

Turning outward

50
Q

Palmar

A

Pertaining to the palm of the hand

51
Q

Plantar

A

Pertaining to the sole of the foot

52
Q

Superficial

A

Toward the surface of the body

53
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface of the body

54
Q

Spine/ vertebral column/ backbone

A

Composed of series of bones called vertebrae and is formed from 26 irregular bones and connective tissue so that a curved structure results

55
Q

Sections of the spine

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx

56
Q

Caud

A

Tail

57
Q

Ili

A

Ilium (lateral flaring portion of the hip bone)

58
Q

Inguin

A

Groin

59
Q

Lumb

A

Loins (lower back)

60
Q

Thorac

A

Chest

61
Q

Cirrh

A

Yellow

62
Q

Xanth

A

Yellow

63
Q

Poli

A

Gray

64
Q

Acr

A

Extremity

65
Q

Eti

A

Cause

66
Q

Idi

A

Unknown

67
Q

Morph

A

Form, shape

68
Q

Path

A

Disease

69
Q

Radi

A

Radiation

70
Q

Somat

A

Body

71
Q

Tom

A

To cut

72
Q

Viscer

A

Internal organs

73
Q

Xer

A

Dry

74
Q

Disease

A

When homeostasis is disrupted and cells, tissues, organs, or systems are unable to function effectively

75
Q

Signs

A

Objective indicators that are observable

76
Q

Rubella

A

German measles and an acute infectious disease

77
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective indicator of disease

78
Q

Etiology

A

Study of the cause or origin of disease or disorder

79
Q

Causes of disease

A

Metabolic, infectious, congenital, heredity, environmental, neoplastic

80
Q

Diagnosis

A

Establishing the cause and nature of a disease

81
Q

Prognosis

A

Prediction of the course of a disease and it’s probable outcome

82
Q

Idiopathic

A

Any disease whose cause is unknown

83
Q

Sequelae

A

Some diseases, injuries, or treatments cause complications that arise directly from disease, injury, or treatment

84
Q

Adhesion

A

Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

85
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

86
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces

87
Q

Febrile

A

Pertaining to a fever

88
Q

Gangrene

A

Death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction, trauma, or infection

89
Q

Hernia

A

Protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it

90
Q

Inflammation

A

Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function and repairs injured tissue

91
Q

Mycosis

A

Any fungal infection in or on the body

92
Q

Perforation

A

Hole that completely penetrates a structure

93
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surround the abdominal cavity and covers its organs

94
Q

Rupture

A

Sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ

95
Q

Sepsis

A

Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence if micro organisms or their products in the bloodstream

96
Q

Suppurations

A

Producing or associated with the generation of pus

97
Q

Blood chemistry analysis

A

Lab test, usually performed on the serum, to evaluate various substances to determine whether they fall within a normal range

98
Q

Complete blood count (CBC)

A

Panel of blood tests used as a broad screening test for anemias, infections, and other diseases

99
Q

Organ-disease panels

A

Series of blood tests used to evaluate a specific organ or disease

100
Q

Computed tomography (CT)

A

Imaging technique in which X-ray emitter rotates around the area to be scanned and a computer measures the intensity of transmitted X-rays from different angles and produces a cross sectional image

101
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

Technique in which X-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuos motion and used to view motions of organs and placement of devices

102
Q

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross sectional views of soft tissues

103
Q

Nuclear scan

A

Technique in which a radioactive material called a tracer is introduced into the body and a specialized camera is used to produce images or organs and structures

104
Q

Positron emission tomography (PET)

A

Computed tomography records the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease

105
Q

Radiography

A

Technique in which X-ray’s are passed through the body or area and capture in a film to generate an image

106
Q

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

A

Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography and a radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs

107
Q

Ultrasonography (US)

A

High frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure

108
Q

Biopsy

A

Removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

109
Q

Excisional

A

Biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed

110
Q

Incisional

A

Biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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