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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4: Medical, Surgical, And Diagnostic Procedures > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Medical, Surgical, And Diagnostic Procedures Flashcards

0
Q

Ablation

A

Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency.

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1
Q

Infusion therapy

A

Delivery of fluids directly into the blood stream via a vein for treating various disorders

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2
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

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3
Q

Cauterize

A

Destruction of tissue by electricity, freezing, heat or corrosive chemicals

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4
Q

Curettage

A

Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette

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5
Q

Incision and drainage

A

Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity

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6
Q

Laser surgery

A

Use of a high intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, stop bleeding blood vessels, or for cosmetic purposes

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7
Q

Resection

A

Removal of part or all of a structure, organ, or tissue

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8
Q

Revision

A

Surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct and undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery

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9
Q

Assessment techniques

A

Sequence of procedures designed to evaluate the health status of a patient

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10
Q

Inspection

A

General observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas

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11
Q

Palpation

A

Gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area it determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness if underlying structures.

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12
Q

Percussion

A

Tapping a structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure.

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13
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening to the Heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds

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14
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument

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15
Q

Chromatin

A

Structural component of the nucleus, composed of nucleotide acids and proteins and condenses to form chromosomes

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16
Q

Chromosome

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus composed of DNA that carries hereditary info encoded in genes

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17
Q

How many chromosomes does each sperm/egg have?

A

23 chromosomes

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18
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Molecule that holds genetic info capable of replication and producing an exact copy whenever the cell divides

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19
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscular wall that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity and alternates between contracting and relaxing for the breathing process

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20
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum of all physical and chemical changes that take place in a cell or an organism and includes breaking down and building up of constituents

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21
Q

Organelle

A

Cellular structure that provides a specialized function, such as the nucleus, ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes this usually occurs at its membrane

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22
Q

Cytology

A

Study of body at a cellular level

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23
Q

Cytoplasm

A

In the cell membrane, jelly like matrix of proteins, salts, water, dissolved gases, and nutrients

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24
What is the largest organelle
Nucleus
25
Tissues
Groups of cells that perform a specialized activity
26
Histology
Study of tissues
27
Epithelial tissue
Covers surface of organs, lines cavities and canals, forms tubes and ducts, provides the secreting portions of glands, and makes up the epidermis of the skin. It is composed if cells arranges in a continuous sheet consisting of one or more layers
28
Connective tissue
Supports and connects other tissues and organs. It is made up of diverse cell types, including fibroblasts,fat cells, and blood
29
Muscle tissue
Provides the contractile tissue of the body, which is responsible for movement
30
Nervous tissue
Transmits electrical impulses as it relays info throughout the entire body
31
Anatomical position
Body posture used to locate anatomical parts or divisions. Body is standing erect and the face forward, arms at sides, palms facing forward
32
Plane
Imaginary flat surface that divides body into two sections
33
Two main cavities
Dorsal and ventral
34
Abduction
Movement away from the midsagittal plane of the body or one of its parts
35
Adduction
Movement toward the midsagittal plane of the body
36
Medial
Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure
37
Lateral
Pertaining to a side
38
Superior
Toward the head or upper portion of a structure
39
Inferior
Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure
40
Proximal
Nearer to the center or to the point of attachment to the body
41
Distal
Further from the center or from the point of attachment to the body
42
Anterior (ventral)
Front of the body
43
Posterior (dorsal)
Back of the body
44
Parietal
Pertaining to the outer walk of the body cavity
45
Visceral
Pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs
46
Prone
Lying on the abdomen, face down
47
Supine
Lying horizontally on the back, face up
48
Inversion
Turning inward or inside out
49
Eversion
Turning outward
50
Palmar
Pertaining to the palm of the hand
51
Plantar
Pertaining to the sole of the foot
52
Superficial
Toward the surface of the body
53
Deep
Away from the surface of the body
54
Spine/ vertebral column/ backbone
Composed of series of bones called vertebrae and is formed from 26 irregular bones and connective tissue so that a curved structure results
55
Sections of the spine
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx
56
Caud
Tail
57
Ili
Ilium (lateral flaring portion of the hip bone)
58
Inguin
Groin
59
Lumb
Loins (lower back)
60
Thorac
Chest
61
Cirrh
Yellow
62
Xanth
Yellow
63
Poli
Gray
64
Acr
Extremity
65
Eti
Cause
66
Idi
Unknown
67
Morph
Form, shape
68
Path
Disease
69
Radi
Radiation
70
Somat
Body
71
Tom
To cut
72
Viscer
Internal organs
73
Xer
Dry
74
Disease
When homeostasis is disrupted and cells, tissues, organs, or systems are unable to function effectively
75
Signs
Objective indicators that are observable
76
Rubella
German measles and an acute infectious disease
77
Symptom
Subjective indicator of disease
78
Etiology
Study of the cause or origin of disease or disorder
79
Causes of disease
Metabolic, infectious, congenital, heredity, environmental, neoplastic
80
Diagnosis
Establishing the cause and nature of a disease
81
Prognosis
Prediction of the course of a disease and it's probable outcome
82
Idiopathic
Any disease whose cause is unknown
83
Sequelae
Some diseases, injuries, or treatments cause complications that arise directly from disease, injury, or treatment
84
Adhesion
Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated
85
Ascites
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
86
Edema
Abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissue spaces
87
Febrile
Pertaining to a fever
88
Gangrene
Death and decay of soft tissue, usually caused by circulatory obstruction, trauma, or infection
89
Hernia
Protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it
90
Inflammation
Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain, and sometimes loss of function and repairs injured tissue
91
Mycosis
Any fungal infection in or on the body
92
Perforation
Hole that completely penetrates a structure
93
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surround the abdominal cavity and covers its organs
94
Rupture
Sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
95
Sepsis
Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence if micro organisms or their products in the bloodstream
96
Suppurations
Producing or associated with the generation of pus
97
Blood chemistry analysis
Lab test, usually performed on the serum, to evaluate various substances to determine whether they fall within a normal range
98
Complete blood count (CBC)
Panel of blood tests used as a broad screening test for anemias, infections, and other diseases
99
Organ-disease panels
Series of blood tests used to evaluate a specific organ or disease
100
Computed tomography (CT)
Imaging technique in which X-ray emitter rotates around the area to be scanned and a computer measures the intensity of transmitted X-rays from different angles and produces a cross sectional image
101
Fluoroscopy
Technique in which X-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuos motion and used to view motions of organs and placement of devices
102
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an X-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross sectional views of soft tissues
103
Nuclear scan
Technique in which a radioactive material called a tracer is introduced into the body and a specialized camera is used to produce images or organs and structures
104
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Computed tomography records the positrons (positive charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross sectional image of metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
105
Radiography
Technique in which X-ray's are passed through the body or area and capture in a film to generate an image
106
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography and a radioactive tracer injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs
107
Ultrasonography (US)
High frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as echoes to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure
108
Biopsy
Removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
109
Excisional
Biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed
110
Incisional
Biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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