Chapter 5 - Health Compromising Behaviors Flashcards
Addiction
The state of a physical or psychological dependence on a substance that develops when that substance is used over a period of time
Alcoholism
The state of physical addiction to alcohol that manifest through such
symptoms as stereotyped include drinking to maintain blood alcohol at a particular level, increasing frequency and severity of withdrawal, drinking early in the day, and in the middle of the night a sense of loss of control over drinking, and a subjective cravings for alcohol
Linked to high blood pressure, stroke, cirrhosis of the liver and some forms of cancer
Anorexia nervosa
A condition produced by excessive dieting and exercise that yields body weight grossly below optimal level
most common among adolescent girls
Binge eating disorder
Serious, eating disorder involving frequently, consuming large amounts of food, and feeling unable to stop eating
Bingeing
A pattern of disordered eating that consist of episodes of uncontrollable eating. During each binge a person rapidly consumes an excessive amount of food.
Bulimia
And eating syndrome characterized by alternating cycles of binge eating purging through techniques as vomiting and extreme dieting
Treatment is often medical intervention, prevention including the introduction of a greater variety of foods and a regularity of meals
Controlled drinking
A Training technique to discriminate blood alcohol level and to control the extent of drinking
May also include coping skills for dealing with situations that are high risk for alcohol consumption
Craving
Strong desire to engage in a behavior or consume a substance
Detoxification
The process of withdrawing from alcohol, usually conducted in a supervised medically monitored setting
Obesity
Excessive accumulation of body fat, believe to contribute to a variety of health disorders, including cardiovascular disease
Tied to atherosclerosis, hypertension, type II diabetes, and heart failure
Passive smoking
Smoke that is unintentionally inhaled by non-smokers as a result of exposure to smoke, believe to cause health problems, such as bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. Also known as second hand smoke
Physical dependence
When the body has adjusted to the substance and incorporates the use of that substance into the normal functioning of the body’s tissues
Placebo drinking
The consumption of non-alcoholic beverages, and social situations in which others are drinking alcohol
Problem drinking
Uncontrolled drinking, that leads to social, psychological and bio medical problems resulting from alcohol
problem drinkers may show some signs associated with alcoholism, but typically from drinking is considered to be a pre-alcoholic or lesser alcoholic syndrome
Self help aids
Materials that can be used by an individual on his or her own, without the aid of a therapist to assist in the modification of a personal habits often used to combat smoking, and other health related risk factors
Set point theory of weight
The concept of each individual has an ideal biological weight that they cannot greatly modify
Smoking prevention programs
Programs designed to help people from beginning to smoke as opposed to programs that attempt to stop people once they have already became smokers
Stress eating
Eating in response to stress approximately half the population increases eating in response to stress
Tolerance
The process by which the body increasingly dabs to a substance, requiring larger and larger dose for you to have the same affects, frequent characteristic of substance abuse, alcohol and drug abuse
Withdrawal
Unpleasant, physical, and psychological symptoms that people experience when they stop using a substance on which they became physically dependent
symptoms may include anxiety, cravings, hallucinations, nausea, headaches, and shaking
Weight stigma
The discriminatory acts and ideologies targeted on a persons weight and height
Yo-yo dieting
The process of chronically alternating gaining weight and losing weight through regular dieting and extreme dieting
Yo-yo dieters increase your chances of becoming obese by altering their underlining metabolism.
Generally, fat should constitute what percentage in women and men?
20-27 percent in women
15-22 percent in men
People with abdominally localized fat are
More psychologically and physiologically reactive to stress
Factors contributing to high obesity rates are
Sedentary lifestyle, socioeconomic status (SES), genetic tendencies to store energy as fat rather than lean tissue, adverse relationships, depression, high stress
Attentional bias
Attentional bias or favor related to the issue. For example, an obese person may orient to food cues, such as appealing, high calorie foods, or a store window with rich foods.
Stimulus control
Clients are trying to modify the stimuli in the environment that have previously elicited and maintained are eating and to take steps to modify the food consumption
Synergistic effects of smoking
Smoking enhances the detrimental effects of other risk factors for example, smoking and cholesterol interact to produce higher rates of heart disease then would be expected from simply adding together their individual risks
Interventions to reduce smoking
Changing attitudes toward smoking, nicotine replacement therapy, the therapeutic approach to the smoking problem, and social support and stress management
