Chapter 2 - Systems Of The Body Flashcards
Adrenal Glands
Two small glands, located on top of the kidneys, that are part of the endocrine system and secrete several hormones, including cortisol, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which are involved in response to stress
Angina pectoris
Chest pain that occurs because the muscle tissue the heart is the price of adequate oxygen, or because removal of carbon dioxide and other waste interfere with the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart
Atherosclerosis
A major cause of heart disease caused by the narrowing of the arterial walls, two to the formation of plaques that reduce the flow of blood to the arteries, and interfere with the passage of nutrients from the capillaries into the cells
Autoimmunity
A condition in which the body produces an immune response against its own tissue constituents
Blood pressure
The force that blood exerts against vessel walls
Cardiovascular system
The transport system of the body responsible for carrying oxygen and nutrients to the body and carrying away, carbon dioxide in other ways to the kidneys for excretion, composed of the heart, blood vessels and blood
Disorders consist of atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, ischemia, congestive heart failure, rheumatic fever
Catecholamines
The neurotransmitters, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, that promote sympathetic nervous system activity; released in substantial quantities during stressful times
Cell-mediated immunity
Slow acting immunologic reaction involving lymphocytes from the thymus gland, effective in defending against viral infections that invaded the cells, and against fungi, parasites, foreign tissues, and cancer
Cerebellum
The part of the Hindbrain responsible for the coordination of voluntary muscle movement, the maintenance of balance and equilibrium, and the maintenance of muscle tone and posture
Cerebral cortex
The main portion of the brain responsible for intelligence memory in the detection of the interpretation of sensation
Endocrine system
A bodily system of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood to stimulate target organs interacts with nervous system functioning
Disorders consist of diabetes
Humoral immunity
A fast acting immunologic reaction mediated by B lymphocytes that secrete antibodies in the bloodstream, in defending against bacterial infections in viral infections that have not yet invaded the cells
Hypothalamus
The part of the forebrain responsible for regulating water, balance and controlling, hunger and sexual desire assist and cardiac functioning, blood pressure regulation, and respiration regulation, plays a major role in regulation of the endocrine system, which controls the release of hormones, including those related to stress
Immunity
The bodies resistance to injury from invading organisms acquired from the mother at birth, through disease, through vaccinations and inoculations
Ischemia
A deficiency of blood to the heart due to obstruction or constriction of the coronary arteries. Often associated with chest pain
Kidney dialysis
A procedure in which blood is filtered to remove toxic substances, and excess fluid from the blood of patients whose kidneys do not function properly
Lupus
A chronic inflammatory form of arthritis. That may be managed by anti inflammatory medication’s or immunosuppressive medication‘s depending on the severity
Lymphatic system
The drainage system of the body; the system is involved in immune functioning
Medulla
The part of the Hind brain that controls autonomic functions such as regulation, heart rate, blood pressure and respiration
Myocardial infarction (MI or heart attack)
A heart attack produced when a clot has developed in the coronary vessel blocking the flow of blood to the heart
Nervous system
The system of the body responsible for the transmission of information from the brain to the rest of the body, and from the rest of the body to the brain, it is composed of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system
Disorders consist of epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis, Huntingtons disease, polio, paraplegia, dementia
Central nervous system
Carries voluntary nerve impulses to skeletal muscles and skin, Carries involuntary impulses to muscles and glands.
Consist of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Consist of the remainder of the nerves in the body
Neuro transmitters
Chemicals that regulate nervous system function
Nonspecific immune mechanisms
A set of responses to infection, or a disorder that is engaged by the presence of a biological invader
Parasympathetic nervous system
Part of the nervous system responsible for vegetative functions, the conservation of energy and the damping down of the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Phagocytosis
The process by which phagocytes ingest and attempt to eliminate a foreign invader
Pituitary gland
Gland located at the base of, and controlled by the brain that secretes the hormone that is responsible for growth and organ development
Platelets
Small disk found in vertebrate blood that contribute to blood coagulation
Pons
The part of the hindbrain that links the hindbrain to the midbrain and helps control respiration
Renal system
Part of the metabolic system responsible for the regulation of bodily fluids and illumination of waste, regulates, bodily fluids by removing surplus water, surplus electrolytes and waste products generated by the metabolism of food
Disorders consist of kidney failure, Urinary tract infections, tubular necrosis
Respiratory system
The system of the body responsible for taking an oxygen, excreting carbon dioxide and regulating the relative composition of the blood
Disorders Consists of hay fever, asthma, viral and bacterial infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and lung cancer
Specific immune mechanisms
Responses designed to respond to specific invaders include cell mediated, and humoral immunity
Three parts of the brain are
Hind, mid and forebrain
Autonomic nervous system
A past of the peripheral nervous system. Controls organs that operate involuntarily such as urinating, breathing, and digestion
Somatic nervous system
A part of the peripheral nervous system. Controls voluntary movement such as throwing a football or writing
Sympathetic nervous system
Prepares the body to respond to emergencies or strenuous activity
Parasympathetic nervous system
Controls activities of organs under normal circumstances and restores equilibrium
Three parts of the hindbrain
Medulla, pon, and cerebellum
Limbic system
Plays an important role in stress and emotional responses. Contains the amygdala (mediates aspects of emotional learning and behavior) and hippocampus (memory and spatial navigation)
Digestive system
Gastric secretions in the stomach to help with the digestion of food
Disorders consists of appendicitis, hepatitis, peptic ulcer, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, dysentery, gastroesophageal reflux disease
Reproductive system
Ovaries (female) testes (male) produces secondary sex characteristics
Disorders consist of sexually transmitted diseases, chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, cancer fertility problems, and menstrual cycle issues
