Chapter 5 - Handling and Transportation Flashcards
Define transport.
When animals are moved by vehicles or vessel from one place to another.
What advantage do brief periods of handling, beginning at the youngest age possible, confer?
Ease of handling or birds and increase feed efficiency, body weight, and antibody responses to red blood cell antigens.
Why are calm animals advantageous for research?
More accurate research results that are less confounded by handling stress, as handling and restraint stress sig. alters physiological measurements.
What is the difference in handling and housing conditions between agricultural and biomedical research animals?
For research results to be applicable to commercial agriculture, animals have to be handled and housed in conditions similar to those on commercial farms, and may not be accustomed to close human contact. In biomedical research, animals are housed in small indoor pens dissimilar to commercial conditions and animals have conditioned and trained animals to cooperate with procedures.
How large are the flight zone of cattle and other livestock?
Extensively raised: 50 m
Intensively raise: 2-8 m
How can an approximation of the flight zone be made?
By approaching the animal and noting at what distance the animal moves away.
When should an electric prod be used? When should they not be used?
Should only be picked up and used in a specific situation where it is needed and then put away. Use when other, non-electrical driving aids aren’t working, to get a downed animal into the truck on the side of the highway, help free trapped animals. Do not apply to sensitive areas or weak/ill/emaciated animals, newborn animals, or non-ambulatory animals.
Describe hearing of grazing animals. How is cattle and horse hearing different from humans? Where is human hearing more sensitive? Where is cattle hearing more sensitive? As a result, what should be avoided?
Sensitive. Cattle and horses more sensitive to high-pitched sounds. Human ear most sensitive at 1000-3000 Hz, cattle most sensitive to 8000 Hz. Handlers should not yell or shout, as it may be as aversive as an electric prod.
Wide angle of vision do cattle, sheep, and horses have? When do they have depth perception?
Wide-angle vision and can see all around themselves without turning their head. Grazing animals have depth perception when standing still with heads down, probably poor when head is up and moving. May be why they stop and put their heads down when they see a shadow on the floor.
What type of vision do grazing animals have? What colors are the retinas of cattle, sheep, goats, and horses most sensitive to?
Dichromats. Cattle, sheep, and goats most sensitive to yellowish-green (552-555 nm) and bluish-purple (444-455) light. Horses most sensitive at 428-539 nm. Absence of retina receptor for red may explain why livestock are sensitive to sharp contrasts of light and dark such as shadows or shiny reflections on handling equipment.
Describe poultry vision. What lighting may make poultry more docile?
Excellent vision. Blue lighting makes poultry more docile.
What are two characteristics of flooring for all species?
Nonslip flooring and good drainage.
What MUST surfaces that contact the animal be?
Smooth and free or sharp edges that could injure animals.
How often should managers inspect facilities to ensure cleanliness? What should be considered when designing new facilities?
Regularly. Ease of cleaning
During handling and restraint of animals, care should be excised to prevent what? How should animals be handled? What factors greatly facilitate efficient movement of animals?
Prevent injury to animals or personnel. Animals should be handled quietly but firmly. Properly designed and maintained facilities operated by trained personnel facilitate movement of animals.
