Chapter 11 - Meat-Type Poultry

Question 1

What does meat-type poultry include?

Answer 1

Meat-type chickens and turkeys and other meat avian species, including Japanese quail, emu, and ostrich

Question 2

What are the four functions of the facility?

Answer 2

1. Prevent bird escape and entrapment
2. Maintain air quality by ventilation
3. Allow birds to keep themselves clean
4. Minimize temperature extremes

Question 3

What type of flooring can poultry be kept on? What type of flooring should ducks be kept on?

Answer 3

Solid floors with litter or in cages or pens with raised wire flooring. Ducks on nonirritating floor surfaces, such as dry litter floors. Wire bottoms if kept for <2 or 3 months.

Question 4

What can low light intensity cause in poultry?

Answer 4

Blindness.

Question 5

Describe beak trimming.

Answer 5

Painless, distal part of beak is removed

Question 6

Why is toe-trimming performed? In which animals?

Answer 6

Due to weight and size and sharpness of toenails, toes are trimmed to prevent birds from inflicting serious injuries to hens during natural mating or to pen-mates or caretakers. Broiler breeder males and market turkeys.

Question 7

Describe snood removal.

Answer 7

In turkeys, performed at hatchery, thought to be painless.

Question 8

What are the three mechanisms of euthanasia?

Answer 8

1. Depression of cortical neural activity and specifically neurons requires for functions critical for life
2. Hypoxia (exsanguination)
3. Physical disruption of brain or its activity

Question 9

What are the acceptable methods of euthanasia for embryonated eggs?

Answer 9

Eggs at less than 80% incubation: chilling or freezing at temp of 4 C (39F) for 4 hours. Decapitation or anesthetic or CO2 overdose suitable methods for older embryos.

Question 10

What are acceptable methods of euthanasia for chicks and pipped eggs?

Answer 10

Rapid maceration, displacement of oxygen with N2, CO2, or other approved gas

Question 11

What methods of euthanasia are acceptable for growing and adult chickens and turkeys? (8)

Answer 11

1. Rapid decapitation
2. Rapid cervical dislocation, normally between the skull and first cervical vertebrae. If tool is used it should separate, not crush, the vertebrae
3. Displacement of O2 with CO2 or approved gas
4. Captive bolt gun for large birds, including non-penetrating captive bolt
5. IV injection of overdoses of anesthetics, specifically barbiturates
6. Low atmosphere stunning (controlled atmosphere stunning)
7. Electrocution
8. Gunshot - Free range birds only

Question 12

What methods of euthanasia are acceptable for ratites?

Answer 12

Render unconscious by electrical stunning before killing by bleeding