Chapter 5: Goal Setting Flashcards
4 types of goals
- Outcome: comparison to others, outperform (i.e. win)
- Performance: achieving personal standards (i.e. improvement)
- Process: actions executed for proper technique (i.e. precise movements)
- Social: desire for acceptance, “fit in”
Motivational Climates or Environments (3)
- Competitive/performance: comparison; ability defined as winning, mistakes punished
- Mastery: effort, personal achievement
- Interaction/cooperative: social engagement, every player important
3 points to consider for goal setting (describe in diff. cards)
- Orientation (Cognitive) Development
- Goal Choices
- Climate Choices
Orientation (Cognitive) Development (1/3 points to consider for goal setting)
1-6 years: undifferentiated, task
7-12 years: relative to others, ego
12 plus years: situation exposure and significant others beh. can determine long-term orientation
Goal Choices (1/3 points to consider for goal setting)
“mixed/multiple goal” vs. outcome/win emphasis only
Climate Choices (1/3 points to consider for goal setting)
- match to orientation and ability and consider perceived ability
- task oriented + mastery climate + high perceived ability = effort, persistence
- ego oriented + ego climate + low perceived ability = maladaptive motivation pattern
How do beliefs in ability impact mastery/ego orientation.
Belief ability is CHANGEABLE (incremental) = mastery
Belief ability is NOT CHANGEABLE (entity) = ego
Goal setting in practice: provide… and be careful with…
Provide:
- multiple goals with shifting goal focus
- choices, positive reinforcement for effort, specific performance improvements (mastery climate)
Careful with:
- too many goals at once
- teammate competitions
- punish/blame mistakes
- unequal attention to diff. ability athletes (competitive/performance envir.)
Principles of goal setting - SMART (describe in diff. cards)
Specific Measurable Attainable/achievable Realistic Time-framed
Specific (1/5 Principles of goal setting - SMART)
- type of motivational regulation (int/ext)
- consider indv. diffs. (locus of causality, self-efficacy)
- consider goal orientation (ego/mastery)
- consider time in season
Measureable (1/5 Principles of goal setting - SMART)
- quantify, observe it - behavioural/action oriented
- baseline, pre-post comparison possible
Attainable/achievable (1/5 Principles of goal setting - SMART)
- enhance intrinsic motivation
- individually matched to ability, possible goal barriers
- too little challenge = lose interest, no value
- too much challenge = frustration, discouraged
- just right/moderately difficult = extension of current self, requires work
Realistic (1/5 Principles of goal setting - SMART)
Match goals to:
- current starting point
- preferences
- challenge and past exps.
- work/family life, priorities, time available
Time-framed (1/5 Principles of goal setting - SMART)
- short and long term
- appropriate for particular skill: too short = defeated, too long = procrastination
Locus of causality
perception of whether origin of their reasons for engaging in a behaviour is internal or external
Goals should FIRE up motivation (describe in diff. cards)
Foster individuals, teams
Internalized and inspired
Rewarded (reinforced)
Evaluated, monitor progress
Foster individuals, teams (1/4 FIRE up motivation)
- challenge personal fear, beliefs
- indv. and team goals = group decision on importance, values + group “scores” vs. indv. only
Internalized and inspired (1/4 FIRE up motivation)
- self-set (autonomous motivational regulation) or assigned (externally controlled motivational regulation) = control, self-determined
- visible, rehearsed reminders (photos, quotes)
- “why” response possible
- supported by others
- role models
Rewarded (reinforced) (1/4 FIRE up motivation)
- performance + process
- type - social, material, activity
Evaluated, monitor progress (1/4 FIRE up motivation)
- strengths and needs
- obstacles/barriers
- review progress
- obtain input, provide feedback
Goal setting theory
athletes who form goals are energized to show increased effort, which increases effectiveness at accomplishing goals
Objective vs Subjective goals
Objective: measurable in specific and precise way
Subjective: describe general statements of inentions
Goal achievement strategies (6)
- recording and monitoring goals
- creating action plan to reach goals
- increasing goal commitment
- adapting goals to indv. athletes
- providing goal feedback and support
- recognizing barriers to goal achievement
Goal
something a person is consciously and deliberately trying to accomplish
