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CNUR 803 > Chapter 5 Fluid and Electrolytes Acids and Bases > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Fluid and Electrolytes Acids and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

What is total body water

A

The total volume of of fluid within all body compartments

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2
Q

How much of water does icF make up

A

2/3

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3
Q

Function of ICF

A

Functions as a medium for cellular process and nutrias transport

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4
Q

Extracellular fluid composes of how much of tbw

A

1/3

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5
Q

How much of weight does the body water hold in the body

A

60%

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6
Q

Hydroprastic Pressure

A

Pushes outward from the capillary

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7
Q

Osmotic oncotic pressure

A

pulls water inward into the capillary

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8
Q

Capillary hydrostatic pressure (BP)

A

Promotes water movement from the capillary to the interstitial place

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9
Q

Capillary oncotic pressure

A

Draws water back into the capillaryy from the interstitial space

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10
Q

Interstital hydrostatic pressure

A

Move water from the interstitial space back into the capillary

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11
Q

Interstitial oncotic pressure,

A

Pulla water from the capillary into the intersttitital space

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12
Q

Net filtration

A

The combined effect of these pressures determenes fluid across the capillary wall

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13
Q

Starling forces at the arterial

A

Hydrostatic pressure if higher than oncotic pressure favouring fluid moved into the interstitial space

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14
Q

Starling forces in the venous

A

Oncotic pressure is typically greater than hydrostatic pressure drawing fluid back into capillary

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15
Q

If not all fluid is reabsorbed via oncotic pressure how does the fluid not get lost

A

The lymphatic system which takes 10% of fluid carrying back into circulation

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16
Q

Aldosterone function

A

Regulates sodium concentration by promoting reasbsorbtoin of sodium in the kidneys and increases the excretion of potassium

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17
Q

ADH Function

A

Primarily controls water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kiddneys

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18
Q

Region Angiotensin aldosterone system function

A

Low blood volume triggers the release of renein, which connects angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 stimulation aldosterone and ADH release increasing sodium and water reabsorption

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19
Q

Nautriureic peptides

A

Include ANP, BNP and urodilation which promotes vasoldialation

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20
Q

What does ADH do

A

Promotes water reabsorption reducing plasma osmolarity

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21
Q

What triggers thirst

A

Increased plasma osmolality or decreased blood volume

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22
Q

What is hypertonic fluid

A

Alterations occur from when the osmolality of ECH is elevated above normal 294

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23
Q

What is hypotonic fluid

A

Occurs when ECF osmolality is less than 280 or when ECF is less than ICF

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24
Q

Chlorine follows

A

Sodium

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25
Q

What are the main influencers of potassium

A

Influenced mainly by kidneys lots of urine loss is equivalent to lots of potassium loos also
alkalosis

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26
Q

What occurs during Acidosis in regards to potassium

A

Hydrogen moves into cell while potassium moves out contributing to hyperkalemia

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27
Q

What occurs during alkalosis in regards to potassium

A

Potassium shifts into the cells promoting hypokalemia due to increase distal tubular secretion of potassium

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28
Q

How does aldosterone effect potassium

A

Increases potassium excretion by stimulating its release into urine

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29
Q

What does insulin due to potassium

A

Potassium moves into cell helping decrease hyperkalemia

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30
Q

What does sodium bicarbonate due to potassium

A

Moves potassium into cells

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31
Q

What systems control calcium and phosphate levles

A

Parathyroid hormone, vitamin D, and Clacoitonin

32
Q

What is the function of calcium

A

Structural support (bone and teeth)
Blood clotting
Hormone secretion
Cell receptor function
Plasmaa membraine stability
Nerven impulse transmission
Muscle contraction

33
Q

What is the regular calcium levels

A

2.1-2.6

34
Q

What is hypocalcemia signs and symptoms

A

Muscle cramps, tetany, numbness seizures, and cardiac dysrhyhtmias

35
Q

Hypercalcemia signs and syntoms

A

Fatigue, muscle weakness, nasuea, polyuria, kidneyy stones and cardia abnormalities

36
Q

Function of phosphate

A

Energy production, regulation of biochemical pathways, a buffer for acid bases imbalances increases renal excretion of phosphate while promoting calcium reabsorption via parathyroid hormone
Important with Vitamin D3 and calcium and phosphate absorption
Lower blood phosphate levels through calcitonin

37
Q

Phosphate level

A

0.8-1.5

38
Q

Hyperphosphatemia symptoms

A

Soft tissue calcification, hypocalcemia, muscle cramps and tetany

39
Q

Normal magnesium levels

A

0.75-0.95

40
Q

Hypermagnesia

A

May cause decreased neuromuscular excitability can lead to muscle weakness, decreased reflexes and in severe cases respiratory depression

40
Q

Hypomagnesisa

A

Can lead to increased neuromuscular excitability symptoms include muscle cramps tremors and seizures

41
Q

vOLATILE ACIDS

A

Weak acids in includes H2co3 and dissociates and eliminated via lungs

42
Q

Nonvolatile acids

A

includes sulphuric phosphoric and organic acids and are excreted by the kidneys

43
Q

Lungs affect ph by

A

Eliminating co2

44
Q

Kidneys affect ph by

A

Excreting nonvolatile acids

45
Q

Bones affect ph by

A

Utilization of buffering systems

46
Q

What is a buffer

A

A chemical that can bind excessive h+ or OH- without significant changes in ph

47
Q

What buffering systems are there in the icf

A

Phosphate and proteins

48
Q

what buffers are there in the ECH

A

Carbonic acid and hub

49
Q

How does phosphate and ammonia affect buffer

A

They buffer through the urine

50
Q

What does Carbonic anhydrase do

A

Facilitates the formation of carbonic acid from co3 and h20

51
Q

Metabolic acidosis causes

A

Acute:Lactic acidosis, chronic renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis, starvation

52
Q

Symptoms of metabolic acidosis

A

headache lethargy, confusion, coma,
kussumaul respirations, anorexia, nausea vommiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort

53
Q

Metabolic alkalosis cAUSES

A

Hyporcholemic alkalosis: Committing leads to loss of chloride, hyperaldosronism, diuretics

54
Q

Symptoms of Metabolic alkalosis

A

Weakness, muscle cram hyperactive reflexes tetany confusion convulsions, atrial tachycardia

55
Q

Respiratory acidosis causes

A

Depression of respiratory centre, respiratory muscles paralysis, chest wall disorders lung disorders

56
Q

Respiratory acidosis symptoms

A

Headache blurred vision, breathlessness, restlessness, laethargy convulsion coma

57
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

A

Hypoxemia, hyper metabolic states, Early salicylate intoxication hysteria, cirrhosis, sepsisC

58
Q

Symptoms of Metabolic acidosis

A

Dizziness confusion parenthesis convulsions coma, cerebral vasoconstriction

59
Q

Fill in the blank: the osmolatiy of the intracellular fluid is typically ,,, the extracellular fluid because water cross cell membranes (with difficult, freely)

A

The same as
Freely

60
Q

Thirst prompts fluid intake through the action of (baroreceptors, osmoreceptors) located in the (hypothalamus, posterior pituitary(

A

Osmoreceptors
Hypothalmus

61
Q

Fluid moves out of the capillaries by (osmosis, filtration) and into or out of the cells by (osmosis, filtration)

A

Filtration
Osmosis

62
Q

What are aquaporins

A

Proteins that serve as water channels in cell membranes

63
Q

Who has a greater percentage of body water lean or fat ppl

A

Lean

64
Q

Who has a greater percentage of TBW babies or adolescent

A

Babies

65
Q

who has greater tbw if all things are equal Male or female

A

Male

66
Q

If all is same who has greater tbw old man or younger man

A

Younger man

67
Q

Where is the potassium ion greater ICF or ECF

A

ICF

68
Q

Where is the sodium ion greater ICF or ECF

A

ECF

69
Q

Which is greater the respiratory rate during metabolic acidosis or metabolic alkalosis

A

Metabolic acidosis

70
Q

What hormone is activated during low calcium levels

A

Parathyroid Hormone

71
Q

Why does the parathyroid inhibits phosphate

A

Because phosphate decreases calium levels

72
Q

What triggers Atrial Nautreitic peptisde

A

Increased volume in the cardiac
atria

73
Q

What does atrial natriuetic peptide do

A

Increases renal sodium and Walter reasbosorbtion, increases renal excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions

74
Q

What does calcitonin do

A

Inhibits osteoclast in the bone in turn decreasingg calcium levels

75
Q

What triggers calcitonin

A

High protein levles

76
Q

What triggers ADH

A

Increased plasma osmolarity decreased arterial blood pressure

CNUR 803 (12 decks)

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