Chapter 5 - Flight Rules Flashcards
Aircraft Lighting
Except when the nature of operations requires different lighting displays (formation, nvd, fclp, emergency) or the model aircraft configuration precludes compliance, the following rules shall apply:
Position Lights
Shall be displayed during the period 30 min before official sunset until 30 min after official sunrise.
Anytime when prevailing visibility is less than 3 statute miles. During these conditions, they shall be displayed:
Immediately before engine start and anytime the engine(s) are running
When the aircraft is being towed unless its otherwise illuminated
When an aircraft is parked and likely to cause a hazard unless it is otherwise illuminated or marked with obstruction lights
Anti-Collision lights
Anticollision lights shall be used immediately before engine start and at all times when the aircraft engine(s) is in operation, except when the use of such lights adversely affects ground operations. They may be turned off when the rotating light reflects into the cockpit.
Landing Taxi Lights
Landing/taxi lights should be utilized for all taxi movements ashore during the hours of darkness unless a taxi signalman is directing the aircraft. Use of those lights during landing approaches within class B,C, or D airspace is recommended.
Good judgement should be exercised to avoid blinding pilots of other aircraft
Use of landing/taxi lights is recommended in areas of high bird concentration
Formation Lights
Reduced lighting or lights-out operation are authorized when required for effective training, all participating aircraft must be positively de-conflicted from other aircraft and operations are conducted within approved special use airspace.
Right of Way
When single naval aircraft are converging with an aircraft in formation, the formation flight has the right of way. In other cases the formation shall be considered as a single aircraft.
Unusual Maneuvers within Class B,C or D
Pilots shall not perform or request clearance to perform unusual maneuvers within class B,C,or D if such maneuvers are not essential to the performance of the flight. ATC personnel are not permitted to approve a pilots request, or ask the pilot to perform such maneuvers.
Unnecessary low passes, unscheduled fly-bys, climbs at very steep angles, practice approaches to altitudes below specific minimums, or flat hatting.
Aircraft Airspeed
FAR 91
Below 10,000’ MSL - 250 KIAS
At or below 2500’ above the surface within 4 NM of Class C or D - 200 KIAS
In airspace underlying Class B or in a VFR corridor - 200 KIAS
FAA has authorized DoD to exceed 250 KIAS below 10,000’ for certain military requirements
Flight over the high seas
International law recognizes the right of aircraft of all nations to fly in airspace over the high seas.
Naval aircraft should operate in accordance with ICAO procedures in OPNAVINST 3770.4 and DoD FLIP GP.
Tower or radar control by a ship, FACSFAC, or other suitable agency, shall be used to the maximum extent practicable. The degree of control shall be appropriate to the nature of the operation.
When operating offshore within domestic ARTCC boundaries, airspace of the Hawaiian Islands, and the San Juan Domestic Control Area, Navy policy is to use domestic air traffic control services and procedures to the maximum extent practicable consistent with mission requirements.
ACM
Defined as aggressive three-dimensional maneuvering between two or more aircraft simulating offensive or defensive aerial combat where the potential for role reversal exists.
Aerobatic maneuvers in accordance with NATOPS manuals on scheduled training flights approved by competent authority are not considered ACM.
Air intercepts, performed in accordance with NATOPS manuals or as prescribed by cognizant aviation TYCOMs are not considered to be ACM.
Formation Flying
A flight of more than one aircraft operating by prior arrangement as a single aircraft with regard to altitude, navigation, and position reporting, and where separation between aircraft within the flight rests with the pilots in that flight.
Formation flying is authorized only for units and types of aircraft for which a valid requirement exists.
A standard formation is a formation with a proximity of no more than 1 mile laterally or longitudinally and within 100 feet vertically.
Non-standard formation flights shall be limited to a maximum of four aircraft and shall be approved by ATC.
Formation Preflight
The formation leader shall execute one flight plan for the formation and shall:
Sign the flight plan as PIC
Ensure all pilots are briefed on weather and navigational aids
Each pilot has a valid instrument rating
Ensure a formation brief is conducted with loss of sight, lost comms, inadvertent IMC, and emergency procedures
Ensure the necessary maps, charts and pubs are in the possession of each pilot
Ensure the formation integrity is maintained
Formation Instrument Departures
Two-plane formation into instrument conditions is authorized provided the weather is at or above published circling minimums for the runway in use. If a circling approach is not authorized, cieling and visibility must be at least 1000/3.
Joining Formations
Unless specifically ordered, a single aircraft shall not join a formation in the air.
The orders shall be given prior to takeoff.
Pilots shall ensure that both aircraft exchanging the lad are aware of the change.
Unplanned Formation Flight
In the event unscheduled formation flight becomes necessary, every attempt shall be made by the aircrew involved to conduct a sufficient in-flight brief prior to join-up.
See and Avoid
Applies to visual flight conditions
Pilots are responsible for their own seperation
The following shall serve as additional precautions:
Electronic equipment such as airborne radar should be used where feasible
Where available, radar advisory service shall be requested especially when VFR flight is required through high-density traffic areas
Special VFR
Pilot must obtain authorization from ATC, minimum is 500/1 clear of clouds
Pilot must be certified for instrument flight
Min weather outside controlled airspace
Outside controlled airspace, tiltrotors in helicopter mode and helicopters may be operated below 1200’ AGL, clear of clouds, when visibility is less than 1 statute mile is operated at a speed that allows the pilot adequate opportunity to see and avoid other air traffic and maintain obstacle clearance.
VFR Minimums - Class A
None / None
VFR Minimums - Class B
3 sm
Clear of Clouds
