Chapter 5 - Exploring Genes and Genomes - part 2

Question 1

Number of protein encoding genes in humans

Answer 1

20,000-25,000

Question 2

Pseudogenes

Answer 2

formerly functional genes that have accumulated mutations such that they no longer produce proteins

Question 3

Many genes encode more than one protein through mechanical mechanisms such as

Answer 3

alternative splicing of mRNA and posttranslational modifications of proteins

Question 4

The different proteins encoded by a single gene often display important variations in

Answer 4

functional properties

Question 5

The human genome has approximately _____ Alu sequences, each approximately _____ bases in length

Answer 5

1 million; 300

Question 6

Alu sequences are examples of

Answer 6

SINES (short interspersed elements)

Question 7

The human genome includes nearly _______ LINES (long interspersed elements) that can be as long as _________

Answer 7

1 million; 10 kb

Question 8

Next-generation sequencing refers to

Answer 8

a family of technologies, each of which utilizes a unique approach for the determination of a DNA sequence

Question 9

____% of human genes have counterparts in rodent genomes

Answer 9

99

Question 10

Comparative genomics is a powerful tool for both

Answer 10

interpreting the human genome and for understanding major events in the origin of genera and species

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

A cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

Question 12

Diploid

Answer 12

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

Question 13

Most genes are present in the same _______ in every cell

Answer 13

quantity

Question 14

Gene _________ vary from cell type to cell type, distinguishing cells

Answer 14

expression patterns

Question 15

The quantity of individual mRNA transcripts can be determined by

Answer 15

qPCR or real-time PCR

Question 16

qPCR stands for

Answer 16

quantitative PCR

Question 17

CT is indirectly proportional to

Answer 17

the number of copies of the original template

Question 18

Transcriptome

Answer 18

The pattern and level of expression of all genes in a particular cell or tissue

Question 19

Bacteria are ideal hosts for the amplification of

Answer 19

DNA molecules

Question 20

Transgenic animals often serve as useful models for

Answer 20

a particular disease process

Question 21

The function of a gene can be probed by

Answer 21

inactivating it and looking for resulting abnormalities

Question 22

Ti-plasmids are

Answer 22

tumor-inducing plasmids that are carried by A. tumefaciens

Question 23

Ti-plasmid derivatives can be used as

Answer 23

vectors to deliver foreign genes into plant cells

Question 24

The field of gene therapy attempts to

Answer 24

express specific genes within the human body in such a way that beneficial results are obtained