Chapter 5 - Exploring Genes and Genomes - part 2 Flashcards
Number of protein encoding genes in humans
20,000-25,000
Pseudogenes
formerly functional genes that have accumulated mutations such that they no longer produce proteins
Many genes encode more than one protein through mechanical mechanisms such as
alternative splicing of mRNA and posttranslational modifications of proteins
The different proteins encoded by a single gene often display important variations in
functional properties
The human genome has approximately _____ Alu sequences, each approximately _____ bases in length
1 million; 300
Alu sequences are examples of
SINES (short interspersed elements)
The human genome includes nearly _______ LINES (long interspersed elements) that can be as long as _________
1 million; 10 kb
Next-generation sequencing refers to
a family of technologies, each of which utilizes a unique approach for the determination of a DNA sequence
____% of human genes have counterparts in rodent genomes
99
Comparative genomics is a powerful tool for both
interpreting the human genome and for understanding major events in the origin of genera and species
Haploid
A cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
Diploid
A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
Most genes are present in the same _______ in every cell
quantity
Gene _________ vary from cell type to cell type, distinguishing cells
expression patterns
The quantity of individual mRNA transcripts can be determined by
qPCR or real-time PCR
qPCR stands for
quantitative PCR
CT is indirectly proportional to
the number of copies of the original template
Transcriptome
The pattern and level of expression of all genes in a particular cell or tissue
Bacteria are ideal hosts for the amplification of
DNA molecules
Transgenic animals often serve as useful models for
a particular disease process
The function of a gene can be probed by
inactivating it and looking for resulting abnormalities
Ti-plasmids are
tumor-inducing plasmids that are carried by A. tumefaciens
Ti-plasmid derivatives can be used as
vectors to deliver foreign genes into plant cells
The field of gene therapy attempts to
express specific genes within the human body in such a way that beneficial results are obtained
