Chapter 3 - Exploring proteins and proteomes Flashcards

1
Q

Proteins can be separated from one another on the basis of

A

solubility, size, charge, and binding ability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Genomes

A

The complete DNA base sequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Proteome

A

The entire complement of proteins that is or can be expressed by a cell, tissue, or organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The proteome is much _______ than the genome.

A

larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The purification process of proteins is an essential first step in

A

understanding their function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Purification should yield a sample containing

A

only one type of molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Assay

A

An analytical procedure to detect and quantify cellular process or metabolic reactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A positive result on the assay indicates

A

that the protein is present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Specific activity

A

the ratio of enzyme activity to the amount of protein in the mixture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ideally, the specific activity will ______ as the purification proceeds.

A

rise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Common protein purification techniques

A
  • salting out
  • dialysis
  • gel-filtration chromatography
  • ion-exchange chromatography
  • affinity chromatography
  • HPLC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Salting out

A

Most proteins are less soluble at high salt concentrations and can be precipitated out of solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Dialysis

A

Separating proteins from small molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In IEC, to force the migration of analytes, mobile phases consist of

A

buffers, often with increasing ionic strength (e.g. a higher concentration of NaCl).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Affinity chromatography is

A

a separation method based on a specific binding interaction between an immobilized ligand and its binding partner.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Transcription factors

A

proteins that regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the absorbance wavelength of a peptide bond?

18
Q

Velocity of a protein in an electric field equation

A

v = Ez/f

E = electric field strength

z = charge

f = frictional coefficient

19
Q

In gel electrophoresis, small molecules will

A

move faster through the gel.

20
Q

The isoelectric point (pI) of a protein is the

A

pH at which its net charge is zero.

21
Q

Isoelectric focusing

A

A method of separating proteins according to their isoelectric point.

22
Q

SDS-PAGE

A

sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

23
Q

In 2-D electrophoresis, proteins are separated vertically by _______ and horizontally by ________.

A

mass; isoelectric point

24
Q

sediment coefficient equation

A

s = m(1 - vp)/f

m = mass

v = partial specific volume

p = density of the medium

f = frictional coefficient

25
Sediment coefficients are usually expressed in
Svedberg units (S)
26
The smaller the S value, the
slower a molecule moves in a centrifugal field.
27
The sedimentation technique for determining mass is
very accurate.
28
Antibody
A protein synthesized by vertebrates in response to the presence of a foreign substance.
29
Antigen
A foreign substance in the body which results in the production of antibodies.
30
Epitope
The part of the antigen molecule to which the antibody attaches itself.
31
The specificity of the antibody-antigen interaction is a consequence of
the shape complementarity between the two surfaces.
32
Polyclonal antibodies
A heterogeneous mix of antibodies, derived from the immune response of many different B-cells.
33
ELISA stands for
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
34
Indirect ELISA is used to detect
the presence of antibody.
35
Sandwich ELISA is used to detect
the presence of antigen.
36
Fluorescent markers provide a powerful means of
examining proteins in their biological context.
37
Synthetic peptides can serve as antigens to
stimulate the formation of specific antibodies.
38
Synthetic peptides can be used to isolate receptors for
many hormones and other signal molecules.
39
Solid phase peptide synthesis involves
the successive addition of protected amino acid derivatives to a growing peptide chain immobilized on a solid phase.
40
3 components in x-ray crystallographic analysis.
* protein crystal * source of x-rays * detector
41
3 basic principles underlying x-ray diffraction
1. Electrons scatter x-rays 2. The scattered waves recombine 3. The way waves recombine depends only on the atomic arrangement
42
NOESY stands for
nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy