Chapter 5 - Exploring Genes and Genomes - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Southern blots are used to separate and identify

A

DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Northern blots are used to separate and identify

A

RNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

de novo meaning

A

from the beginning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Restriction enzymes

A

recognize specific base sequences in double helical DNA and cleave both strands of that duplex at specific places.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Restriction enzymes are used to

A

cleave DNA molecules into specific fragments that are more readily analyzed and manipulated than the parent molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

For most gels, the shorter the DNA fragment, the

A

farther the migration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Western blotting refers to a technique for

A

detecting a particular protein by staining with specific antibody.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Stringency is

A

the required closeness of the match between primer and target.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Polymorphism

A

Instances of genetic variation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RFLP stands for

A

restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vector

A

A DNA molecule that can replicate autonomously in an appropriate host organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vectors are designed to

A

enable the rapid, covalent insertion of DNA fragments of interest.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Plasmids

A

Naturally occurring circles of DNA that act as accessory chromosomes in bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A vector can be prepared for accepting a new DNA fragment by

A

cleaving it at a single specific site with a restriction enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

DNA ligase catalyzes

A

the formation of a phosphodiester bond at a break in a DNA chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cloning vectors are suitable for the

A

facile insertion and replication of a collection of DNA fragments

17
Q

Cloning vectors often feature a polylinker region that includes many

A

unique restriction enzymes within its sequence

18
Q

The polylinker region can be

A

cleaved with many different restriction enzymes providing great versatility in the DNA fragments that can be inserted

19
Q

Reporter genes encode

A

rapidly-detectable markers such as antibiotic-resistance enzymes or fluorescent proteins

20
Q

In blue-white screening, bacterial colonies will appear white when

A

DNA fragments are successfully inserted into the polylinker region

21
Q

In addition to polylinkers, expression vectors often contain

A

sequences flanking the cloning site that simplify the addition of fusion tags to the protein of interest

22
Q

In the lytic pathway of lambda phages, viral functions are

A

fully expressed, viral DNA and proteins are quickly produced and packaged into viral particles leading to the destruction of the host cell

23
Q

In the lysogenic pathway of lambda phages, the phage DNA becomes

A

inserted into the host-cell genome and can be replicated together with the host cell DNA for many generations, remaining inactive

24
Q

Lambda particles can only take up DNA measuring from _____ to _____ of the normal genome

25
To clone a gene that is present just once in an entire genome, two components must be available
1. A specific oligonucleotide probe for the gene of interest 2. A DNA library that can be screened rapidly
26
For the human genome, a 99% probability of success using the genomic library requires screening about _______ \_\_\_\_\_ clones
500,000
27
The key to forming complementary DNA is
the enzyme reverse transcriptase
28
Complementary DNA molecules can be inserted into expression vectors to
enable the production of the corresponding protein of interest
29
In expression cloning, clones of cDNA can be screened on the basis of
their capacity to direct the synthesis of a foreign protein in bacteria
30
New genes can be constructed with designed properties by making what three kinds of directed changes?
1. deletions 2. insertions 3. substitutions
31
Mutant proteins with single amino acid substitutions can be readily produced by
site-directed mutagenesis
32
In cassette mutagenesis,
a variety of mutations including insertions, deletions, and multiple point mutations can be introduced into the gene of interest
33
Inverse PCR is used to introduce
deletions into plasmid DNA
34
Novel proteins can be created by splicing together
segments that encode domains that are not associated in nature