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KIN 346 > Chapter 5 Energy Expenditure > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Energy Expenditure Flashcards

1
Q

How does direct calorimetry work?

A

Measures the heat production of the body

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2
Q

Name the two limitations of direct calorimetry?

A

The equipment used during the testing release off heat.

Sweating affects the accuracy of measurements and calculations of heat produced.

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3
Q

How does indirect calorimetry work?

A

Measures the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide deduction.

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4
Q

What is the caloric equivalent?

A

5kcal/ L

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5
Q

What are the measurement used for absolute and relative VO2 max?

A

Absolute: L/min
Relative: ml/kg x min

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6
Q

What are the measurements used for absolute and relative energy expenditure?

A

Absolute: kcal
Relative: kcal/min

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7
Q

What is Respiratory exchange ratio? (RER) What is the formula used for it?

A

It is the ratio between carbon dioxide (CO2) release and oxygen (O2) consumption.

VCO2/VO2

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8
Q

What is the range of RER? What do the two end numbers determine relating to substrate utilization?

A

.7 - 1.0

.7 means 100% utilization of fats

1.0 means 100% utilization of carbs.

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9
Q

What information can RER give you?

A

Reflects substrate utilization and determines caloric equivalent.

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10
Q

In the ACSM running formula what three measurements do we use?

A

VO2, speed, and grade

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11
Q

What does the 3.5 in the ACSM formula represent?

A

Resting oxygen consumption.

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12
Q

What is an average VO2 max for an untrained female and male?

A

Female: 40ml/kg x min

Male: 50ml/kg x min

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13
Q

What is an average VO2 max for a trained female and male?

A

Female: 50ml/kg x min

Male: 60ml/kg x min

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14
Q

What is the formula to calculate someone’s heart max? (HR max) What is the measurement used?

A

208-.7(age)

Beats per minute (Bpm)

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15
Q

What are the three requirements for the measurement of BMR?

A

Laying in supine position, sleep for 8 hours, and fast for 12 hours.

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16
Q

What is Basal Metabolic Rate and the average of kcal/day?

A

The number of calories your body requires to survive for 24 hours.

1200-1500kcal

17
Q

How does Fat-Free mass (FFM) affect BMR?

A

Higher fat-free mass means more total calories expended in a day. Woman tend to have lower fat-free mass meaning they have a lower BMR average.

18
Q

How does surface area affect BMR?

A

Higher surface area means more heat loss occurring from the skin which raises BMR.

19
Q

What is Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and the average kcal/day?

A

How many calories you burn at rest per day.
1500-1800 kcal/day

20
Q

What is the average kcal/day for RMR + ADL?

A

1800-3000 kcal/day

21
Q

What is the difference between VO2 max and VO2 peak?

A

VO2 max is the maximum volume of oxygen consumed in a minute.

VO2 peak is highest amount of oxygen consumed at peak exercise.

22
Q

What is the main limitation of indirect calorimetry?

A

It is less accurate in high intensities because of non-metabolic CO2 produced from the bicarbonate buffer driving RER above 1 that lead to inaccuracies in calculations.

23
Q

What is the bicarbonate buffer?

A

HCO3 + H → H2CO3 → H20 + CO2

24
Q

How does the bicarbonate buffer system affect RER and indirect calorimetry?

A

RER: Increases CO2 value which causes the RER to go over 1.

Indirect calorimetry: The increase of CO2 makes the calculations less accurate.

25
Q

What is Lactate Threshold?

A

The point at which lactic acid begins to accumulate as exercise intensities increases.

26
Q

What are the functions of Excess Post-exercise oxygen consumption? (EPOC)

A

Clears lactic acid, clears hydrogen, restores blood PH, restore temperature, and replenish ATP storage.

27
Q

At what intensity does lactate threshold begin to accumulate?

A

Moderate intensity

28
Q

What are two ways to increase Lactate Threshold?

A

Clear lactate faster through high intensity interval training which will increase bicarbonate buffer.

Produce less lactic acid through endurance training which increases mitochondrial density in size and number that can accommodate more hydrogen.

29
Q

What is the lactate threshold average for an untrained person?

A

50% VO2 max

30
Q

What is the best predictor of performance for an untrained and trained person?

A

Untrained: VO2 max
Trained: Lactate threshold

31
Q

What percent of VO2 max is due to hereditary?

A

50%

32
Q

What is the lactate threshold average for a trained person?

A

60-70% VO2 max

33
Q

What is oxygen deficit? Is it anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Oxygen requirement is more than oxygen consumption.

Anaerobic

34
Q

What is steady state? Is it anaerobic or aerobic?

A

Oxygen requirement is equal to oxygen consumption.

Aerobic

35
Q

What is Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption?

A

Oxygen consumption is greater than oxygen requirement

36
Q

How long does usually take to reach steady state? If they do not reach steady state what does that mean?

A

Around 3mins

They are working past their lactate threshold.

37
Q

What is the measurement of aerobic fitness?

A

VO2 Max

KIN 346 (8 decks)

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