Chapter 1 The Muscle

Question 1

The space between the neuron and muscle is the ________________.

Answer 1

Neuromuscular Junction

Question 2

What are the two functions of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum?

Answer 2

Storage of Calcium, Dumps Calcium into the Sarcoplasm

Question 3

What are the connective tissue layers of the muscles from outer to inner and what does it cover?

Answer 3

Epimysium, covers the entire muscle belly
Perimysium, covers fascicles
Endomysium, covers individual muscle fibers

Question 4

Fill in the Blanks.

The H-Zone has __________, the A-Band has _____________, and the I-Band has ___________________.

Answer 4

Only Myosin, both Actin and Myosin, and only Actin.

Question 5

When a sarcomere fully shortens what sections of the sarcomere disappear?

Answer 5

I-Band and H-Zone

Question 6

Fill in the blanks.

In the sarcomere the thick protein is called ___________ which is stabilized by a protein called ________ that connects to the center where the __________ is formed. At the end of the Sarcomere there is the ______________ where the thin protein attaches called ______________ that has ___________________ covering its active sites and ___________________ to remove those when starting a contraction.

Answer 6

Myosin, Titin, M-Line, Z-Disk, Actin, Tropomyosin, and Troponin.

Question 7

A nerve cell that connects to the muscle and innervates the muscles fibers is an ________________.

Answer 7

Alpha Motor Neuron

Question 8

What is the sequences of the Initiation of a Muscle Contraction?

Answer 8

Brain sends signals to the AMN to the NMJ, ACH is released into the NMJ, ACH binds to the plasmalemma, Action potential travels down the T-Tubules into the SR, SR dumps calcium into the sarcoplasm, Calcium binds to Troponin, Troponin moves Tropomysoin off binding sites, Actin and myosin heads form crossbridges.

Question 9

What are the sequences of the Sliding Filament Theory?

Answer 9

At rest the myosin head is 90 degrees with ADP and Pi binded to it, Pi is released, Myosin head begins a power stroke, Myosin head tilts its head 45 degrees toward the middle of the sarcomere pulling Actin with it, ADP is released which causes the myosin head to enter Rigor State, The myosin head is locked at 45 degrees and cannot move, ATP binds to the myosin head which releases it from Actin, ATP ➡️ ADP+Pi+e, Myosin head moves back to 90 degrees with ADP and Pi binded to it.

Question 10

What are the three types of muscle fibers?

Answer 10

Type I, Type IIa, and Type IIx