Chapter 5 - Electrons in Atoms

Question 0

quantum

Answer 0

the amount of energy required to move an electron from one energy level to another energy level

Question 1

energy levels

Answer 1

the fixed energies an electron can have

Question 2

quantum mechanical model

Answer 2

the modern description of the electrons in atoms that comes from the mathematical solutions to the Schrodinger equation

Question 3

atomic orbital

Answer 3

a region of space in which there is a high probability of finding an electron

Question 4

electron configurations

Answer 4

the ways in which electrons are arranged in various orbitals around the nuclei of atoms

Question 5

aufbau principle

Answer 5

electrons occupy the orbitals of lowest energy first

Question 6

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 6

atomic orbital may describe at most two electrons

to occupy the same orbital, they must have opposite spins

Question 7

Hund’s rule

Answer 7

electrons occupy the orbitals of the same energy in a way that makes the number of electrons with the same spin direction as large as possible

Question 8

amplitude

Answer 8

the wave’s height from zero to crest

Question 9

wavelength

Answer 9

the distance between the crests

Question 10

symbol for wavelength

Answer 10

lambda

upside down y

Question 11

frequency

Answer 11

the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time

Question 12

symbol for frequency

Answer 12

v

Question 13

unit for frequency

Answer 13

s^-1 or hertz

Question 14

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 14

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, X-rays, gamma rays

Question 15

spectrum

Answer 15

wavelengths of visible light that are separated when sunlight passes through a prism

Question 16

atomic emission spectrum

Answer 16

the frequencies of light emitted by an element that separate into discrete lines

Question 17

ground state

Answer 17

an electron has its lowest possible energy

Question 18

photons

Answer 18

light quanta

Question 19

Heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 19

it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a particle at the same time

Question 20

what did Democritus say about the atom

Answer 20

indivisible and indestructible

Question 21

Dalton

Answer 21

solid sphere:
all elements composed of tiny indivisible particles
atoms are unique to that element
atoms of different elements can physically mix or chemically combine in simple whole number ratios to form compounds
chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged, but they will not change elements

Question 22

Thomson

Answer 22

plum pudding model - electrons

Question 23

Rutherford

Answer 23

nucleus

positive dense center with electrons buzzing around

Question 24

Bohr

Answer 24

electrons go in circular orbits

Question 25

Schrodinger

Answer 25

quantum mechanical model - electron cloud

Question 26

How many sublevels are in n=1

Answer 26

1

Question 27

What type of orbitals are possible in n=1

Answer 27

s

Question 28

max # of electrons in s

Answer 28

2

Question 29

max. number of electrons in n=1

Answer 29

2

Question 30

how many sublevels in n=2

Answer 30

2

Question 31

type of orbitals in n=2

Answer 31

s

p

Question 32

max number of electrons in p

Answer 32

6

Question 33

max number of electrons in n=2

Answer 33

8

Question 34

number of sublevels in n=3

Answer 34

3

Question 35

types of orbitals in n=3

Answer 35

s
p
d

Question 36

max number of electrons in d

Answer 36

10

Question 37

max number of electrons in n=3

Answer 37

18

Question 38

number of sublevels in n=4

Answer 38

4

Question 39

orbitals in n=4

Answer 39

s
p
d
f

Question 40

max number of electrons in f

Answer 40

14

Question 41

max number of electrons in n=4

Answer 41

32

Question 42

atomic orbitals in order

Answer 42

1s
2s
2p
3s
3p
4s
3d
4p
5s
4d
5p
6s
4f
5d
6p
7s
5f
6d
7p

Question 43

3d^1 name the parts

Answer 43

3 - energy level/principal energy level
d - orbital/sublevel
1 - number of electrons

Question 44

what happens when an atom absorbs energy

Answer 44

it goes from the stable ground state to the unstable excited state

Question 45

what happens when an electron moves to a lower energy level

Answer 45

energy is released as light

Question 46

What could Rutherford’s model not do?

Answer 46

explain the chemical properties of elements

Question 47

what does the quantum mechanical model propose

Answer 47

electrons move only in specific circular paths, or orbits, around the nucleus

Question 48

what does each sublevel of a principal energy level correspond to?

Answer 48

an orbital shape describing where the electron is likely to be found

Question 49

what tell you how to find the electron configurations of atoms

Answer 49

aufbau principle
Pauli exclusion principle
Hund’s rule

Question 50

why do some electron configurations differ from those assigned using the aufbau principle?

Answer 50

excited unstable ones that are not all filled

Question 51

how are wavelength and frequency of light related

Answer 51

they are inversely proportional

Question 52

the light emitted by an electron moving from a higher level to a lower level has a frequency ______ to the energy change of the electron

Answer 52

directly proportional

Question 53

the difference between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics

Answer 53

classical mechanics adequately describes the motions of bodies much larger than atoms
quantum mechanics describes the motions of subatomic particles and atoms as waves