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Chemistry > Chapter 1 - Intro To Chemistry > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Intro To Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

What is chemistry?

A

the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

Why does chemistry affect all aspects of life and most natural events?

A

living and nonliving things are made of matter

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3
Q

5 traditional areas of study

A 
organic
inorganic
biochemistry
analytical
physical
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4
Q

What is organic chemistry?

A

the study of all chemicals containing carbon

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5
Q

What is inorganic chemistry?

A

the study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon

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6
Q

What is biochemistry

A

the study of the processes that take place in organisms

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7
Q

what is analytical chemistry

A

the area of study that focuses on the composition of matter

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8
Q

what is physical chemistry

A

the area that deals with the mechanism, the rate, and the energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

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9
Q

What is pure chemistry

A

the pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

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10
Q

what is applied chemistry

A

the research that is directed toward a practical goal or applicatoin

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11
Q

What can pure research do?

A

lead directly to an application

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12
Q

What is an example of an application existing before research is done?

A

aspirin

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13
Q

what is technology?

A

the means by which a society provides its members with those things needed or desired

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14
Q

How is chemistry useful?

A

explaining the natural world
preparing people for career opportunities
producing informed citizens

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15
Q

Why do chemists design materials?

A

to fit specific needs

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16
Q

what is macroscopic?

A

the world of objects that are large enough to see with the unaided eye

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17
Q

what is the microscopic world?

A

the world of objects that can be seen only under magnification

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18
Q

What do chemists play an essential role in?

A

finding ways to conserve, produce, and store energy

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19
Q

What does chemistry do for doctors?

A

supplies the medicines, materials, and techology

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20
Q

what does biotechnology do?

A

applies science to the production of biological products or processes

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21
Q

what do chemists do with agriculture?

A

help to develop more productive crops and safer, more effective ways to protect crops

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22
Q

What is a pollutant?

A

a material found in air, water, or soil that is harmful to humans and other organisms

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23
Q

What do chemists do about pollution?

A

they help identify pollutants and prevent pollution

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24
Q

What do chemists do to study the universe?

A

they gather data from afar and analyze matter that is brought back to earth

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25
Q

What did alchemists do?

A

develop tools and techniques for working with chemicals

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26
Q

What did Lavoisier help do?

A

transform chemistry from a science of observation to the science of measurement that it is today

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27
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

a logical, systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

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28
Q

What are the steps in the scientific method?

A

making observations, testing hypotheses, and developing theories

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29
Q

What is an observation

A

when you use your senses to obtain information

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30
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

a proposed explanation for an observation

31
Q

What is an experiment

A

a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis

32
Q

what is a manipulated variable

A

the variable that you change during an experiment

33
Q

What else do you call the manipulated variable

A

independent

34
Q

what is the responding variable

A

the variable that is observed during the experiment

35
Q

What else do you call the responding variable

A

dependent variable

36
Q

what is a theory

A

a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

37
Q

what is a scientific law

A

a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

38
Q

When scientists collaborate and communicate

A

they increase the likelihood of a successful outcome

39
Q

What does effective problem solving always involve?

A

developing a plan and implementing that plan

40
Q

What are the stems for solving a numeric word problem?

A

analyze
calculate
evaluate

41
Q

What are the steps for solving a conceptual problem

A

analyze

solve

42
Q

Where are inorganic chemicals found?

A

non-living things such as rocks

43
Q

How did nylon come about?

A

pure chemistry
Hermann Staudinger
Wallace Carothers

44
Q

How did aspirin come about

A

applied chemistry

used early on to relieve pain and stop blood clots

45
Q

Things that provide funds for scientific research

A

industry
private foundations
federal government

46
Q

Who looked into burrs?

A

George de Mestral - Swiss

47
Q

What was the result of de Mestral’s discovery on burrs?

A

hook and loop tapes

48
Q

What is energy used for?

A

heat buildings
manufacturing goods
processing foods

49
Q

What are the two ways to meet the demand for energy

A

conserve energy resources

produce more energy

50
Q

a form of energy conservation

A

insulation

51
Q

major sources of energy

A

burning of coal, petroleum, and natural gas

52
Q

What are coal, petroleum, and natural gas?

A

fossil fuels

53
Q

What is made from soybean oil?

A

biodiesel

54
Q

What is the plus to biodiesel?

A

regular diesel lets out black exhaust

biodiesel smells like french fries

55
Q

energy storage

A

batteries

56
Q

How many prescription drugs are there?

A

2000

57
Q

How many genes comprise human DNA?

A

30,000

58
Q

what is the Human Genome Project?

A

scientists working on genes in DNA

59
Q

What does biotechnology use?

A

techniques that can alter the DNA in living organisms

60
Q

What might biotechnology depend on?

A

the transfer of genes from one organism to another

61
Q

What happens when genes from humans are inserted to bacteria?

A

the bacteria acts as a factory, producing chemicals of importance to humans such as insulin

62
Q

What will happen in the future of biotechnology?

A

gene therapy will treat some diseases

a gene not working right will be replaced by another one

63
Q

How can you measure productivity?

A

measure the amount of edible food that is grown on a unit of land

64
Q

factors that decrease productivity

A 
poor soil qualilty
lack of water
weeds
plant diseases
pests that eat crops
65
Q

What did insect killers use to be?

A

nonspecific

66
Q

What is used to combat pinworms?

A

fake female mating chemical

67
Q

What was discovered using the sun?

A

helium

68
Q

What did alchemy do?

A

developed techniques for working with metals, glass, dyes

searched for a way to change other metals into gold

69
Q

What else did Lavoisier do?

A

made careful measurements

discovered how materials burn

70
Q

What did Lavoisier discover about fire?

A

not the release of phlogiston, but the presence of oxygen and nitrogen

71
Q

Who helped Lavoisier

A

his wife Marie Anne

72
Q

How can the results of an experiment be accepted?

A

by getting the same thing no matter how many times it is repeated or by whom

73
Q

Why must scientists publish their procedures with their results?

A

so some one else can test it

74
Q

What is involved in analyzing a numeric word problem?

A

finding the known and unknown

Chemistry (12 decks)

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