Chapter 2 - Matter and Change Flashcards
what is volume
a measure of the space occupied by the object
What is mass
a measure of the amount of matter the object contains
what is extensive property
a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
intensive property
a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample
substance
matter that has a uniform and definite composition
physical property
a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition
solid
a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume
liquid
a form of matter that has a definite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume
gas
a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container
vapor
the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature
physical change
some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change
What are properties used to describe matter?
extensive or intensive
Since every sample of a substance has the same composition?
every sample has identical intensive properties
three states of matter
solid
liquid
gas
How can you classify physical change?
reversible or irreversible
What is a mixture
a physical blend of two or more components
How can mixtures be classified based on the distribution of their components?
heterogeneous or homogeneous
heterogeneous mixture
a mixture in which the composition is not uniform
homogeneous mixture
mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout
another name for homogeneous mixture
solution
phase
any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
What can differences in physical properties be used for?
separating mixtures
filtration
the process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
distillation
liquid is boiled to produce vapor that is then condensed into liquid to separate water from other components
element
the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties
compound
a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion
Which can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means? compounds or elements
compounds
chemical change
a change that produces matter with a different composition than the original matter
if the composition is fixed the material is
substance
if the composition of the material may vary, it is
a mixture
why do chemists use chemical symbols and chemical formulas
to represent elements
to represent compounds
each element is represented by a one or two letter.
chemical symbol
the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change
chemical property
during a chemical change, the composition of matter…
always changes
what is another name for chemical change
chemical reaction
what happens in a chemical reaction
one or more substances change into one or more new substances
reactant
substance present at the start of the reaction
product
a substance produced in the reaction
clues to chemical change
transfer of energy
change in color
production of gas
formation of precipitate
precipitate
a solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture
during any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is
always equal to the mass of the reactants
law of conservation of mass
in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved
H
Hydrogen
He
Helium
Li
Lithium
Be
Beryllium
B
Boron
C
Carbon
N
Nitrogen
O
Oxygen
F
Fluorine
Ne
Neon
Helium
He
Fluorine
F
Nitrogen
N
Boron
B
Lithium
Li
Neon
Ne
Oxygen
O
Carbon
C
Beryllium
Be
Hydrogen
H
what are physical properties
boiling and melting points hardness color conductivity malleability state
arrangement of particles in a solid
packed closely together in a rigid arrangement
arrangement of particles in a liquid
close together, but free to flow past one another
particle arrangement in a gas
relatively far apart and can move freely
example of an irreversible physical change
cutting hair
filing nails
cracking egg
example of reversible physical change
melting
What temperature does water boil at?
100 degrees C
What temperature does water freeze at?
0 degrees C
How can mixtures be separated?
distillation and filtration
examples of extensive properties
length size energy mass volume
examples of intensive properties
temperature hardness density mass/volume viscosity melting point boiling point
Which state of matter is compressible?
gas
What does distillation do?
separates homogeneous mixtures using boiling
property of compounds
compounds will not always carry the same properties and characteristics of their elements
what is a transfer of energy
release or absorb energy
what is matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
how to figure out if something is a substance or a mixture?
if there are different types of it, it is a mixture
words that signify a chemical change
burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode, corrode
every chemical change involves….
a transfer of energy
