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Chemistry > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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0
Q

what is precision

A

upon making repeated measurements, how close the measured values are to each other

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1
Q

What is accuracy?

A

how close the measured value is to the true value

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2
Q

Which are you improving when you calibrate an instrument?

A

accuracy

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3
Q

Significant digits are used for what kind of values?

A

measured

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4
Q

What types of numbers do you disregard the sig digs?

A

counting
conversion factors
constants

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5
Q

SI unit for mass

A

kilogram kg

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6
Q

what does second measure

A

time

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7
Q

What does m represent and measure

A

meter

length

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8
Q

si temperature?

A

kelvin

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9
Q

difference between metric and SI

A

kilogram vs. gram

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10
Q

difference between mass and weight?

A

weight is a force that measures the pull of gravity on a given mass
mass is a measure of the amount of matter that an object contains

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11
Q

How to convert celsius and kelvin?

A

K=C + 273

C=K-273

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12
Q

Unit to measure the volume of a solid

A

centimeter cubed

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13
Q

units to measure the volume of a liquid

A

mL

L

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14
Q

conversion factor for volume

A

1 cm cubed
___________
1mL

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15
Q

Anything divided by itself equals

A

1

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16
Q

What are the equations for density?

A

d=m/v
m=dv
v=m/d

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17
Q

what is density

A

the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

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18
Q

What kind of property is density and why?

A

intensive - depends on composition not size

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19
Q

What happens to the density of a material if the temperature goes up?

A

density generally decreases

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20
Q

what is a measurement

A

a quantity that has both a number and a unit

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21
Q

Why is it important to make correct measurements?

A

measurements are fundamental to experimental sciences

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22
Q

what happens in scientific notation

A

a given number is written as the product of two numbers: a coefficient and 10 raised to a power

23
Q

What must happen to evaluate the accuracy of a measurement

A

the measured value must be compared to the correct value

24
Q

what must happen to evaluate precision

A

you must compare the values of two or more repeated measurements

25
Q

what is the accepted value

A

the correct value based on reliable references

26
Q

what is the experimental value

A

the value measured in the lab

27
Q

what is error

A

the difference between the experimental value and the accepted value

28
Q

formula for error

A

experimental value - accepted value

29
Q

what is percent error

A

the absolute value of the error divided by the accepted value multiplied by 100%

30
Q

percent error equation

A

I error I
——– X100
accepted value

31
Q

what are significant figures

A

all of the digits that are known, plus a last digit that is estimated

32
Q

why must measurements always be reported to the correct number of significant digits?

A

calculated answers often depend on the number of significant figures in the values used in the calculation

33
Q

In general, a calculated answer cannot be __________ than the least precise measurement from which it was calculated

A

more precise

34
Q

5 common SI units

A 
meter
kilogram
kelvin
second
mole
35
Q

SI for amount of substance

A

mole

36
Q

SI for luminous intensity

A

candela

37
Q

SI for electric current

A

ampere

38
Q

mole abbreviation

A

mol

39
Q

candela abbreviation

A

cd

40
Q

ampere abbreviation

A

A

41
Q

what is volume

A

the space occupied by any sample of matter

42
Q

what is temperature

A

a measure of how cold or hot an object is

43
Q

what happens with heat

A

it travels to the lower temperature area

44
Q

kelvin freezing and boiling points

A

273.15 and 373.15

45
Q

what is absolute zero

A

zero on Kelvin

46
Q

what is energy

A

the capacity to do work or to produce heat

47
Q

what are common units of energy

A

joule and calorie

48
Q

which is si for energy

A

joule

49
Q

what exactly is a calorie

A

amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1g of pure water by 1 degree C

50
Q

conversion factor joules to calories

A

1 J = 0.2390 cal

1 cal = 4.184 joules

51
Q

what is a conversion factor

A

a ratio of equivalent measurements

52
Q

measurements in a conversion factor….

A

the numerator is equal to the denominator

53
Q

when a measurement is multiplied by a conversion factor,

A

the numerical value generally changes, but the actual size remains the same

54
Q

what is dimensional analysis

A

a way to analyze and solve problems using the units, or dimensions, of the measurements

55
Q

what are easily solved using dimensional analysis

A

problems in which a measurement with one unit is converted to an equivalent measurement with another unit

Chemistry (12 decks)

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