Chapter 5 - Electron Bonding & Structure Flashcards
shells are regarded as
energy levels
the energy increases as
shell no. increases
what is the principal quantum no.
the shell no. or energy level number
equation of number of electrons in a shell?
2 n (^2)
what is an atomic orbital?
a region around a nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons, with opposite spins
an atomic orbital can hold a maximum of
2 electrons
4 different types of orbital are?
s,p,d,f
s orbital
- sharp
- the shape of a sphere
- each shell from n = 1 contains 1 s orbital
- the greater the shell no, the greater the radius of the s orbital
p orbital
- principal
-dumb-bell shaped - there are 3 seperate p orbitals at right angels to each other - p p p
x y z - each shell from n = 2 contains 3 p orbitals
- the greater the shell no., the further the p orbital from the nucleus
d orbitals, f orbitals
diffuse, fundamental
- each shell from n=3 contains 5 d orbitals
- each shell from n = 4 contains 7 f orbitals
what is a sub shell?
within a shell, orbitals of the same type are grouped together as sub-shells
filling of orbitals rule
orbitals fill in order of increasing energy
note: 3d is a higher energy level than the 4s subshell, so 4s fills first
electrons pair with _____ spins
opposite
what is the point of opposite spins?
the opposite spins help counteract the repulsion between the negative charges of the 2 electrons
name of model used to show the electrons
electrons-in-box model
shorthand electron configurations
elec congigs can be expressed more simply in terms of the previous noble gas plus the outer electron sub shells
when forming ions,
the highest energy subshells lose or gain electrons
4s subshell fills before the 3d subshell but it also
empties before the 3d subshell
the Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that?
it is impossible to certainly say where an electron is and where it will be going
each sub shell is composed of how many types of orbitals?
only 1
Aufbau principles?
- shells and subshells are filled according to a set no. of rules
how are electrons added?
1 by 1, the paired
Ar Equation
total of (% x mass no.)
special cases for electron config
Chromium (Cr) & Copper (Cu)
- electron moves from 4s orbital to 3d orbital reduces repulsion between electrons