Chapter 5 Disorders of Early Childhood Flashcards
Temperament
Variations in newborns’ styles of reactivity (e.g., attention, activity, moods, and distress) and regulation of reactivity.
Reactivity
An infant’s excitability and responsiveness, including individual variations in emotions and behaviors.
Regulation
What an infant does to control his or her reactivity, as well as the degree to which a distressed infant accepts comfort from others.
Differential sensitivity
The hypothesis that some individuals are more susceptible than others to both negative (risk-promoting) and positive (development-enhancing) environmental conditions.
Resistant (anxious/ambivalent) attachment
A form of insecure attachment that usually reflects inconsistent caregiving.
Avoidant (anxious/avoidant) attachment
A form of insecure attachment that usually reflects ineffective or inappropriate caregiving.
Disorganized attachment
Signals a pattern of behavior and emotion reflecting difficulties establishing or maintaining a sense of security or safety in the presence of a caregiver; this pattern is associated with a history of care in which the caregiver is perceived as frightening, frightened, or malicious.
Pica
The ingestion of nonfood substances such as paint, pebbles, or dirt.
Rumination
The repeated chewing and regurgitation of food.
Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
An eating disturbance involving the lack of interest in, or avoidance of, food.
Sleep–wake disorders
Clinically significant difficulties related to falling and staying asleep, or sleep dysfunctions, associated with impairment in development and functioning.
Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)
A rare attachment disorder involving lack of organized attachment behaviors and reduced social engagement; diagnosed in children with very adverse childcare experiences.
