Chapter 12 Depressive Disorders, Bipolar Disorders, and Suicidality Flashcards
Major depressive disorder
A mood disorder in children, adolescents, and adults characterized by sadness and a loss of pleasure, with multiple cognitive, behavioral, and somatic symptoms, and impaired functioning.
Persistent depressive disorder
Involves a long-standing disturbance of mood, with ongoing sadness, irritability, and lack of motivation. Formerly called dysthymia.
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
A childhood mood disorder involving severe, recurrent temper tantrums that are atypical with respect to intensity and frequency. In between tantrums, the mood of the child is persistently and pervasively irritable or angry.
Cognitive vulnerability–stress model
A model that proposes that an individual’s negative attributional style, coupled with negative life events, leads to depression.
Bipolar disorder
A mood disorder characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania, or hypomania.
Mania
Distinct periods characterized by unusual and persistent mood elevation, high activity levels, decreased need for sleep, increased irritability, extremely impulsive behaviors, and sometimes psychotic thinking.
Hypomania
A mood disorder symptom characterized by problematic emotions, thoughts, and behaviors similar to mania, although there are no psychotic symptoms and the degree of impairment is less severe.
Kindling model
A hypothesis that explains why later episodes of depression often occur in the context of less severe stress: initial stress leads to vulnerability in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; and, over time, the increasingly sensitive neurological response system requires lower thresholds of stimulation to trigger a new episode.
Rumination
A relativily stable maladaptive coping strategy, that involves repeated focus on problems and symptoms, and causes and consequences of those problems and symptoms.
Rumination
A relativily stable maladaptive coping strategy, that involves repeated focus on problems and symptoms, and causes and consequences of those problems and symptoms.
Pathways of parental impact
Three ways in which parents influence the development of child depression:
(1) parent depression affects parent–child relationships and interactions and leads to child psychopathology;
(2) parent depression affects family relationships and interactions and family disruptions, and these lead to child psychopathology;
(3) parent depression affects marital satisfaction, leading to child psychopathology.
Reinforcement model
In this model, based on the principles of operant conditioning, behavior is maintained, or changed, in response to positive or negative consequences.
Negative life events
Major stressful events, such as a parent losing a job or a serious illness in the family, associated with depression and other disorders.
Chronic hassles
Everyday, ongoing problems, such as struggles with homework or being teased at school, that are associated with depression and other disorders.
Interpersonal therapies
A relationship-focused therapeutic approach that focuses on salient age-related personal, social, and developmental issues in the context of topics such as loss, grief, and relationship difficulties.
