Chapter 5- Development Flashcards

(33 cards)

1
Q

What is lifespan development?

A

Changes from birth through to old age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is physical development?

A

Involve changes in the body and various systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is social development?

A

Changes in an individual’s relationships with other people and their skills in interacting with others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

Changes in an individual’s mental abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is emotional development?

A

Changes in how an individual experiences different feelings and how these feelings are expressed, interpreted and dealt with.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is development?

A

Refers to changes that occur over time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between physical changes and social, cognitive and emotional changes?

A

Physical changes are directly observable whereas the others are not.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do the different areas of development interact?

A

Physical development and psychological development are interdependent of each other.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is continuous development?

A

Involves gradual and ongoing change and the increase or decrease in ability with age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is discontinuous development?

A

Involved distinct and separate, step-like stages with different kinds of abilities occurring in each stage. There are identifiable start and end points.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the sequential nature of development?

A

Sequences of development usually begin with simple thoughts, feelings or behaviours and progress to more complex ones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are individual differences in development?

A

The unique genetic makeup of the person plus their life experiences that determine the individual and their unique development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are differences between individuals?

A

The rate of development compared to others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are differences within individuals?

A

The growth of personality and cognitive abilities in each person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are quantitative changes and how are they expressed?

A

Variations in the quantity of a thought, feeling and behaviour. Usually expressed as numbers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are qualitative changes and how are they expressed?

A

Changes that vary in quality, kind and type. These changes make the individual different from the way they were before. They are usually described in words

17
Q

What is psychosocial development?

A

Personality development that occurs throughout a lifetime

18
Q

Psychosocial crisis

A

A personal conflict an individual faces in adjusting to society

19
Q

Monozygotic twins

A

Identical because they share 100% of their genes. Give information about heredity

20
Q

Dizygotic twins

A

Share 50% of genes. Provide info about environment

21
Q

Adoption studies

A

Research with children who have been adopted to learn about influence of heredity and environment on psychological development

22
Q

Attachment

A

The emotional bond which forms between an infant and the caregiver

23
Q

Secure attachment

A

Balance between exploration and dependence. Feel safe

24
Q

Insecure avoidant attachment

A

Does not seek closeness with caregiver, result of neglectful behaviour

25
Insecure resistant attachment
Infant appears anxious even when caregiver is near. May result from caregivers that aren't responsive to needs
26
Temperament
Characteristic way of reacting to people, objects and events.
27
Psychosocial crisis
A personal conflict an individual faces in adjusting to society. A struggle between two opposing tendencies.
28
Heredity
Involves the transmission of characteristics from biological parents to their offspring via genes at the time of conception
29
Environment
All the experiences, objects and events to which we are exposed throughout our entire lifetime
30
Maturation
The orderly and sequential developmental changes which occur in the nervous system and other bodily structures controlled by our genes
31
Principle of readiness
Unless the necessary bodily structures and processes are sufficiently mature, then no amount of practise will produce the particular mental process or behaviour
32
What are sensitive periods and when do they take place?
Up to 12 years A period of time during development where an individual is more responsive to certain types of environmental experiences and learning
33
What are critical periods?
A specific period in development during which an organism is most vulnerable to the deprivation or absence of certain environmental stimuli or experiences.