Ch 10 Social Influences on Behaviour

Question 1

Social Influence

Answer 1

The effects of the presence or actions of others on the way people think, feel and behave

Question 2

Groups

Answer 2

Any collection of two or more people who interact with an influence one another and share a common purpose.

Question 3

Status

Answer 3

The perceived importance of an individual within a group

Question 4

Power

Answer 4

An individual’s ability to control or influence another person

Question 5

Reward power

Answer 5

Gives positive consequences or removes negative consequences in response to behaviour

Question 6

Coercive power

Answer 6

Gives negative consequences or removes positive consequences in response to behaviour

Question 7

Legitimate Power

Answer 7

Authority to extend power over those with a lower status.

Question 8

Referent Power

Answer 8

Individuals identify with or want to be like the the person

Question 9

Expert Power

Answer 9

Having special knowledge or skills

Question 10

Informational Power

Answer 10

Having resources or information that are useful and are not available elsewhere.

Question 11

Which experiment tested the effects of power and status on a person’s behaviour?

Answer 11

Zimbardo’s Prison Experiment

Question 12

Obedience

Answer 12

When commands of someone with authority are followed

Question 13

Which experiment tests the effects of obedience?

Answer 13

Milgram’s electrocution experiment

Question 14

Factors affecting obedience

Answer 14

1. Social Proximity
2. Legitimacy of an authority figure
3. Group Pressure

Question 15

Conformity

Answer 15

The tendency to adjust feelings, thoughts and behaviours that are accepted by other individuals or social standards.

Question 16

Which experiment studied factors which affect conformity?

Answer 16

Asch’s line experiment

Question 17

Which factors affect conformity?

Answer 17

1. Group size of up to 4
2. Unanimity- Complete agreement
3. Informational Influence- Need for direction
4. Normative Influence- Social norms
5. Culture- Collectivist vs Individualist
6. Social Loafing- Less effort
7. Deindividuation- anonymity

Question 18

Pro-social behaviour

Answer 18

Everyday acts of helping others that may involve a personal cost

Question 19

Situational Factors affecting pro-social behaviour

Answer 19

1. Notice the incident
2. Interpret that help is needed
3. Take responsibility! (bystander effect)

Question 20

Social Factors influencing helping behaviour

Answer 20

1. Reciprocity norm- Help those who help us.

2. Social responsibility norms- Right thing to do.

Question 21

Personal factors influencing pro-social behaviour

Answer 21

1. Empathy
2. Mood
3. Competence
4. Altruism- Personal risk involved

Question 22

Audience Inhibition

Answer 22

Not helping in fear of embarrassment in front of others.

Question 23

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Answer 23

Weighing up personal costs and against benefits of helping others

Question 24

Bullying

Answer 24

Repeated aggressive behaviour towards someone who is less powerful

Question 25

Types of bullying

Answer 25

1. Physical
2. Covert
3. Verbal
4. Cyber

Question 26

Effects of Bullying

Answer 26

Fatigue, Shakiness, depression, social isolation, substance abuse etc

Question 27

Causes of Bullying

Answer 27

1. Frustration-Agression hypothesis
2. Dysfunctional Family
3. Need for control
4. Belief of respect gains

Question 28

TV pros and cons

Answer 28

Pros: Enhance info processing skills

Cons: Encourages agressive behaviour

Question 29

Video games pros and cons

Answer 29

Pros: Increased problem solving

Cons: Social isolation