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General Psychology > Chapter 5: Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Consciousness Flashcards

1
Q

consciousness

A

A person’s subjective experience of the world and mind

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2
Q

Phenomenology

A

How things seem to the conscious person

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3
Q

problem of other minds

A

Fundamental difficulty we have in perceiving the consciousness of others.

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4
Q

How do we judge minds?

A

Capacity for experience and then capacity for agency (what makes us human)

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5
Q

mind-body problem

A

issue of how the end is related to the brain and the body

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6
Q

Your brain starts to activate before you think or do something. T/F

A

True

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7
Q

Properties of Consciousness

A

Intentionality-directed towards an object
Unity-integrate all 5 sense together
selectivity- include some objects but not others (cocktail party phenomena)
transcience- tendency to change

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8
Q

Levels of consciousness

A

Minimal- something registers in the mind, but you don’t think of it.
Full- you know and are able to report on your mental state.
self-consciousness- person’s attention is drawn to the self as an object

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9
Q

daydreaming

A

purposeless flow of thoughts comes to mind.

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10
Q

default network

A

Widespread pattern of activation in many areas of the brain.

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11
Q

Mental control

A

attempt to change conscious state of mind.

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12
Q

thought suppression

A

conscious avoidance of a thought

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13
Q

rebound effect of thought suppression

A

tendency of a thought to return to consciousness with greater frequency following suppression

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14
Q

ironic processes of mental control

A

ironic errors occur because mental process that monitor for error can itself produce it.

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15
Q

Dynamic unconsciousness
Whose created it?

A

person’s deepest instincts and desires, person’s inner struggle to control these.
Freud.

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16
Q

Repression

A

mental process that removes unacceptable thoughts and memories from consciousness and keeps them in the unconscious.

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17
Q

Cognitive unconsciousness

A

All mental processes that give rise to a persons thoughts, choices, emotions, and behavior even though they are not experienced by the person.

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18
Q

dual process theory

A

one fast, automatic system and another dedicated to slow, effortful processing.

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19
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

a form of experience that departs significantly from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

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20
Q

Altered state of consciousness: sleep
1. Presleep consciousness
2. postsleep consciousness

A
  1. hypnagogic state
  2. hypnopompic state
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21
Q

Sleep cycle
1. circadian rhythm
2. Wakeful waves
3. first stage of sleep
4. second stage of sleep
5. stages 3+4
6. 5th stage (REM)

A
  1. a naturally occurring 24-hour cycle
  2. Alpha and beta waves
  3. theta waves
  4. sleep spindles and k complexes
  5. delta waves
  6. Sawtooth waves like beta waves, like you’re awake.
22
Q

Sleep needs and deprivation
1. Lack of REM sleep
2. lack slow-wave sleep (3+4)

A
  1. memory problems and aggression
  2. physical effects
23
Q

Insomnia
What causes it?

A

difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep
Lifestyle choices, depression, anxiety

24
Q

Sleep apnea
What causes it?

A

a disorder in which the person stops breathing for brief periods while asleep.
obstruction of breathing passageway

25
Q

Somnambulism
What causes it?

A

a person arises and walks around while asleep. Peaks between 4-8 years. Happens during slow-wave sleep

26
Q

Narcolepsy
What causes it?

A

a disorder in which sudden sleep attacks occur in the middle of waking activities.
genetic basis. Medications.

27
Q

Sleep paralysis

A

experience of waling up unable to move.

28
Q

Night terrors

A

abrupt awakening with panic and intense emotional arousal.

29
Q

Dream characteristics

A

emotion
thought is illogical
sensation is fully formed and meaningful
uncritical acceptance
difficulty remembering

30
Q

Freud dream opinion?

A

they’re meant to be obscure and confusing.

31
Q

Activation-Synthesis model

A

dreams are produced to try and make sense of random neural activity

32
Q

Amygdala shows heightened activity during REM sleep. T/F

A

True

33
Q

Why don’t we move when we dream?

A

The motor cortex is activated, but spinal neurons running through the brainstem inhibit the expression of this motor activity.

34
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

Chemicals that influence consciousness or behavior by altering the brain’s chemicals message system

35
Q

Drug use is initially positive reinforcement. T/F

A

True

36
Q

Why do people continue to do drugs?

A

They don’t want to suffer the negative consequences, it has turned into negative reinforcement.

37
Q

How do people reduce or eliminate withdrawal symptoms?

A

Drug tolerance (larger drug dose are required to achieve the same effect.
Physical dependence and psychological dependence.

38
Q

Depressants

A

Substances that reduce the activity of the central nervous system.

39
Q

Alcohol- “King of Depressants”
Why does it affect us the way It does?

A

Alcohol increases the activity of GABA
Expectancy theory: effects are produced by people’e expectations.
Alcohol Myopia: it affects attention, so people respond in simple ways to complex situations.

40
Q

Different Depressants

A

Barbiturates: Seconal and Nembutal are sleep aids and anesthetics.
Benzodiazepines: Valium and Xanax are tranquilizers and anti-anxiety drugs.
Toxic Inhalants: drunkness

41
Q

Stimulants

A

substances that excite the central nervous system, heightening arousal, and activity levels. They increase norepinephrines and dopamine.

42
Q

Different Stimulants

A

Amphetamines: methedrine and dexedrine are diet drugs
Ecstasy: empathy
Cocaine: Medication
Nicotine

43
Q

Different Narcotics

A

Opium: demerol and oxycontin.

44
Q

Narcotics

A

Highly addictive drugs that relieve pain by mimicking endorphins.

45
Q

Hallucinogens

A

alter sensations and perception and often cause visual and auditory hallucinations.

46
Q

Different Hallucinogens

A

LSD, mescaline, psilocybin, PCP, and Ketamine

47
Q

Marijuana

A

a plant whose leaves and buds contain a psychoactive drug called THC. It mimics the neurotransmitter anandamide.

48
Q

Gateway drug

A

A drug whose use increases the risk of using more dangerous drugs.

49
Q

Hypnosis

A

social interactions in which one person makes suggestions that lead to a change in another person’s experience of the world.

50
Q

Posthypnotic amnesia

A

Failure to retrieve memories following hypnotic suggestions to forget.

51
Q

Hypnotic analgesia

A

reduction of pain through hypnosis

General Psychology (8 decks)

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