Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Psychology > Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

simple stimulation of a sense organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Perception

A

organization, identification, and interpretation of a sensation in order to form a mental representation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Transduction

A

Turning sensations/ perceptions into neural signals to send to the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

the process whereby sensitivity to prolonged stimulation tends to decline over time as an organism adapts to current conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Psychophysics

A

Methods that systematically relate the physical characteristics of a stimulus to an observer’s perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

absolute threshold

A

the minimal intensity needed to just barely detect a stimulus in 50% of trials.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensitivity

A

how responsive we are to faint stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Acuity

A

how well we ca distinguish two very similar stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Just noticeable difference

A

minimal change in a stimulus that can just barely be detected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Weber’s law

A

there’s a constant proportion between the change in a stimulus no matter it’s intensity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Signal detection theory

A

a way of analyzing data from psychophysics experiments that measures an individual’s perceptual sensitivity while also taking noise, expectations, motivations, and goals into account.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Light waves
1. Difference between peaks
2. Height between peaks and dips
3. purity

A

Light waves
1. Length- hue/ color
2. Brightness
3. saturation or richness of color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Cornea
  2. Pupil
  3. Iris
  4. lens
  5. retina
  6. Bipolar cells
  7. Retinal ganglion cells
  8. Optic nerve
  9. Area V1 in the brain
  10. Ventral (what) and dorsal (where) stream
A
  1. Bends light and sends it through the pupil
  2. hole in the color part of the eye
  3. muscle that controls the size of the people
  4. bends light and focuses it on the retina
  5. tissue lining the back of the eyeball
  6. electrical signals from from rods and cones
  7. organizes signals and sends them to the brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Accommodation

A

Who the eye maintains a clear image on the retina.
Nearsightedness- FRONT of retina
Farsightedness- BEHIND retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what makes up the retina?
Which do we have more of?
Where exactly are they?

A

Rods and Cones.
We have more rods in our eyes.
Everywhere but the fovea. vision is clearest and there are no rods found.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blind spot

A

A location in the visual field that produces no sensations on the retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Cone types

A

L-cones: sensitivity to long wavelengths
M-cones: sensitive to medium
S-cones: sensitive to short wavelengths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Damage to ventral and dorsal streams

A

Ventral: identification of objects by sight is impaired, touch was normal
Dorsal: ability to grasp objects by sight is impaired.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Binding problem

A

linking features together so we see unified objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Illusory conjunction

A

incorrectly combining features from multiple objects.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

attention is necessary for binging features together

A
22
Q

perceptual constancy

A

the principle that even as aspects of sensory signals change, perception remains constant.

23
Q

perceptual contrast

A

the principle that although sensory information from two things mat be similar, we perceive them as different objects.

24
Q

perceptual organization:
1. Simplicity
2. Closure
3. Continuity
4. Similarly
5. proximity
6. common fate

A

grouping and segregating features to create whole objects organized in meaningful ways
1. arrow, not triangle on square
2. Combining lines to form a shape
3. Squiggly lines look like an X
4. Pattern
5.close together= grouped together
6. visual images together are one objects

25
Q

monocular depth cues

A

aspects of a scene that yield information about depth when viewed with only one eye

26
Q

Binocular depth cues

A

difference in retinal images of the two eyes

27
Q

apparent motion

A

perceptions of movement as a result of alternating signals appearing in rapid succession in different locations

28
Q

change blindness

A

a failure to detect changes in visual details of a scene

29
Q

inattentional blindness

A

a failure to perceive objects that are not the focus of attention

30
Q

Sound waves
1. Difference between peaks/ frequency
2. Height between peaks and dips/ amplitude
3. purity/ timbre

A

Sound waves
1. pitch
2. loud vs soft
3. pure vs mixed

31
Q

outer ear

A

Pinna- outer ear
auditory canal
eardrum- flap that vibrates

32
Q

middle ear

A

ossicles (smallest bone in the body)
hammer, anvil, and stirrup
oval window

33
Q

inner ear

A

cochlea- spiral tube that turn vibrations into neural impulses
basilar membrane- wavy hair cells that move with neural impulses

34
Q

Movement of sound
1. Outer ear
2. Middle ear
3. Inner ear
4. auditory nerve
5. thamalus
6. Area A1

A

Sí

35
Q

Place code

A

hair cells are used to determine the pitch

36
Q

Temporal code

A

timing of action potentials to help auditory nerve determine the pitch

37
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

eardrum or ossicles are damaged. Medication or surgery can correct this

38
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss

A

damage to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory nerve. Genetic disorders, infections, etc.
Cochlear implant can replace function of hair cells, but can’t improve the problem.

39
Q

Haptic Perception

A

Active exploration of the environment by touching and grasping objects with our hands.

40
Q

What body parts have high acuity?

A

Lips and fingertips

41
Q

Fast-acting A-delta fibers do what?

A

transmit initial sharp pain.

42
Q

slow C-fibers do what?

A

transmit duller persistent pain

43
Q

referred pain

A

pain on surface of the body, but is actually internal.

44
Q

gate-controlled theory

A

signals arriving from pain receptors can be stopped by interneurons in the spinal cord

45
Q

proprioception

A

sense of body position

46
Q

Vestibular system

A

three fluid-filled semicircular canals and organs next to the cochlea that help us maintain balance.

47
Q

Smell movement
1. Olfactory epithelium
2. olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs)
3. olfactory bulb

A

Smell movement
1. Situated on top of nasal cavity, contains ORNs
2. molecules into neural impulses
3. brain structure in naval cavity beneath frontal lobe

48
Q

Pheromones

A

biochemical odorants emitted by other members of an animal’s species that can affect an animal’s behavior or physiology.

49
Q

Taste receptors

A

Salt, Sweet, sour, bitter, umami (savory)

50
Q

taste movement
1. papillae
2. taste buds
3. microvilli
4.
5.

A

taste movement
1. Line the tongue and contain taste buds
2. taste transduction
3. receptor cells with chemicals that react to food
4.
5.

51
Q

Taste fades with age. T/F

A

True

52
Q

Taste and smell combine to create flavor. T/F

A

True

General Psychology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions