Chapter 1: Evolution of Psychology Flashcards
What is Psychology?
The scientific study of mind and behavior.
Philosophical Dualism:
Who created it?
The view that mind and body are fundamentally different.
René Descartes
Philosophical Materialism:
Who created it?
The view that all mental phenomena are reducible to physical phenomena. This rejects dualism.
Created by Thomas Hobbes.
Philosophical Realism:
Who created it?
Perceptions of the physical world are produced entirely by information from the sensory organs. Our eyes are a camera, we see the pictures.
John Locke.
Philosophical Idealism:
Who created it?
Perceptions of the physical world are the brain’s interpretation of information from the sensory organs.
Immanuel Kant.
Philosophical Empiricism:
Studied by?
All knowledge is acquired through experience: Tabula Rasa.
John Locke.
Philosophical Nativism:
Studied by?
Some knowledge is innate rather than acquired.
Immanuel Kant.
Structuralism:
Who created it?
Approach to psychology that attempted to isolate and analyze the mind’s basic elements.
Wilhelm Wundt
Reaction Time:
Who discovered it?
Amount of time between the onset of a stimulus and a person’s response to that stimulus.
Hermann Von Helmholtz.
Introspection:
Who uses it?
Analysis of subjective experience by trained observers.
Structuralists.
Functionalism:
Who created it?
What inspired it?
approach to psychology that emphasized the adaptive significance of mental processes.
William James.
Charles Darwin and his definition of natural selection.
Hysteria:
Who coined it?
A loss of function hast has no obvious physical origin.
Charcot and Janet.
Unconscious:
Who coined it?
The part of the mind that contains information of which people are not aware.
Sigmund Freud.
Psychoanalytic theory:
Who created it?
a general theory that emphasizes the influence of the unconscious on feelings, thoughts, and behaviors.
Sigmund Freud.
Psychoanalysis:
Who created it?
A therapy that aims to give people insight into the contents of their unconsciousness minds.
Freud.
Behaviorism:
Who coined it?
An approach to psychology that restricts scientific inquiry to observable behavior.
John Watson
What influenced behavioralism?
Ivan Pavlov’s dogs.
Principles of reinforcement:
Who coined them?
How’d he test this?
behavior that is rewarded will be repeated, any behavior that isn’t won’t.
Skinner’s box: rats would’d learn to press a lever for treats.
Gestalt Psychology:
Who coined it?
approach to psychology that emphasized the way in which the mind created perceptual experience.
Max Wertheimer.
Developmental Psychology:
Who coined it?
The ways in which psychological phenomena change over the life span.
Jean Piaget.
Social Psychology:
Who coined it?
The study of the causes and consequences of sociality.
Kurt Lewin.
What did Solomon Asch discover?
How?
Primacy effect: early words in a list created a theory.
He told two groups adj. of a man. The groups would prefer the man more if the positive adj. were told first.
Cognitive psychology:
What lead to it’s development?
The study of human information processing.
Computers.
Evolutionary Psychology:
Who coined it? How?
The study of the ways in which the human mind has been shaped by natural selection.
John Garcia.
He studied mice and their predisposition for food aversions.
Cognitive neuroscience:
Study of the relationship between the brain and the mind.
Behavioral neuroscience:
Study of the relationship between the brain and behavior.
What gave birth to cognitive and behavioral neuroscience?
fMRI and new technologies
Cultural psychology:
The study of how culture influences mental life.
APA
First Female President:
First African American President:
American Psychological Association
Mary Calkins
Kenneth Clark
What’s the most popular psychology?
Clinical, counseling, marriage and family therapies.
